Hierarchical multi-hop handoff architecture for wireless network mobility

Under the wireless mobile network environments, if a Mobile Router (MR) which has a wireless transceiver is more than one hop away from the Access Router (AR) connected to the internet, it cannot access directly to the AR and should use its neighbor MRs to access the Internet. Furthermore, a MR can receive the Router Advertisements (RAs) of all MRs in its coverage. In this case a MR cannot distinguish which Router is the upstream Router that destined to the internet. In these situations, it is necessary to support the network mobility by some mechanism. This paper propose a hierarchical multi-hop handoff architecture to provide internet connectivity and, in the same time, a route optimization scheme that can be applied to avoid the multi-angular routing in wireless mobile network (WNEMO) environments.