Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated GCL permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions

D. C. Kolstad; C. H. Benson; T. B. Edil; H. Y. Jo

doi:10.1680/gein.11.3.209.44488

Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated GCL permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions

D. C. Kolstad, C. H. Benson, T. B. Edil, H. Y. Jo

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

81 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A series of swell and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with aggressive aqueous solutions (1 M CaCl₂, 1 M NaCl, HCl solution with pH 1.2, and NaOH solution with pH 13.1) and deionised water (DI) on two GCLs. One GCL is moistened with an aqueous solution and calendered during manufacturing to form a dense prehydrated (DPH) GCL having a mass of dry bentonite per area (M_A) of 6.0 kg/m². The other is a conventional GCL containing air-dried granular bentonite with M_A = 4.3 kg/m². The montmorillonite fraction of the bentonite is similar in both GCLs (81 % conventional, 89% DPH). Comparable free swell was obtained with both bentonites in the NaCl, CaCl₂ and acidic (HCl) solutions. However, with the basic (NaOH) solution, free swell of bentonite from the DPH GCL was 90% larger than that from the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted for approximately 300 days. The DPH GCL had much lower hydraulic conductivity to all permeant liquids than the conventional GCL. For example, the hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to 1 M CaCl₂ is 3.7 × 10^-12 m/s, whereas it is 9.1 × 10^-7 m/s for the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to DI water is also three times lower than that of the conventional GCL (4.1 × 10^-12 compared with 1 × 10^-11 m/s).

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	233-241
Number of pages	9
Journal	Geosynthetics International
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.11.3.209.44488
Publication status	Published - 2004 Jun 1
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Bentonite
Chemical compatibility
Densification
Free swell
Geosynthetic clay liner
Geosynthetics
Hydraulic conductivity
Prehydration

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology

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10.1680/gein.11.3.209.44488

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title = "Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated GCL permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions",

abstract = "A series of swell and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with aggressive aqueous solutions (1 M CaCl2, 1 M NaCl, HCl solution with pH 1.2, and NaOH solution with pH 13.1) and deionised water (DI) on two GCLs. One GCL is moistened with an aqueous solution and calendered during manufacturing to form a dense prehydrated (DPH) GCL having a mass of dry bentonite per area (MA) of 6.0 kg/m2. The other is a conventional GCL containing air-dried granular bentonite with MA = 4.3 kg/m2. The montmorillonite fraction of the bentonite is similar in both GCLs (81 % conventional, 89% DPH). Comparable free swell was obtained with both bentonites in the NaCl, CaCl2 and acidic (HCl) solutions. However, with the basic (NaOH) solution, free swell of bentonite from the DPH GCL was 90% larger than that from the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted for approximately 300 days. The DPH GCL had much lower hydraulic conductivity to all permeant liquids than the conventional GCL. For example, the hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to 1 M CaCl2 is 3.7 × 10-12 m/s, whereas it is 9.1 × 10-7 m/s for the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to DI water is also three times lower than that of the conventional GCL (4.1 × 10-12 compared with 1 × 10-11 m/s).",

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year = "2004",

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T1 - Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated GCL permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions

AU - Kolstad, D. C.

AU - Benson, C. H.

AU - Edil, T. B.

AU - Jo, H. Y.

PY - 2004/6/1

Y1 - 2004/6/1

N2 - A series of swell and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with aggressive aqueous solutions (1 M CaCl2, 1 M NaCl, HCl solution with pH 1.2, and NaOH solution with pH 13.1) and deionised water (DI) on two GCLs. One GCL is moistened with an aqueous solution and calendered during manufacturing to form a dense prehydrated (DPH) GCL having a mass of dry bentonite per area (MA) of 6.0 kg/m2. The other is a conventional GCL containing air-dried granular bentonite with MA = 4.3 kg/m2. The montmorillonite fraction of the bentonite is similar in both GCLs (81 % conventional, 89% DPH). Comparable free swell was obtained with both bentonites in the NaCl, CaCl2 and acidic (HCl) solutions. However, with the basic (NaOH) solution, free swell of bentonite from the DPH GCL was 90% larger than that from the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted for approximately 300 days. The DPH GCL had much lower hydraulic conductivity to all permeant liquids than the conventional GCL. For example, the hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to 1 M CaCl2 is 3.7 × 10-12 m/s, whereas it is 9.1 × 10-7 m/s for the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to DI water is also three times lower than that of the conventional GCL (4.1 × 10-12 compared with 1 × 10-11 m/s).

AB - A series of swell and hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted with aggressive aqueous solutions (1 M CaCl2, 1 M NaCl, HCl solution with pH 1.2, and NaOH solution with pH 13.1) and deionised water (DI) on two GCLs. One GCL is moistened with an aqueous solution and calendered during manufacturing to form a dense prehydrated (DPH) GCL having a mass of dry bentonite per area (MA) of 6.0 kg/m2. The other is a conventional GCL containing air-dried granular bentonite with MA = 4.3 kg/m2. The montmorillonite fraction of the bentonite is similar in both GCLs (81 % conventional, 89% DPH). Comparable free swell was obtained with both bentonites in the NaCl, CaCl2 and acidic (HCl) solutions. However, with the basic (NaOH) solution, free swell of bentonite from the DPH GCL was 90% larger than that from the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity tests were conducted for approximately 300 days. The DPH GCL had much lower hydraulic conductivity to all permeant liquids than the conventional GCL. For example, the hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to 1 M CaCl2 is 3.7 × 10-12 m/s, whereas it is 9.1 × 10-7 m/s for the conventional GCL. The hydraulic conductivity of the DPH GCL to DI water is also three times lower than that of the conventional GCL (4.1 × 10-12 compared with 1 × 10-11 m/s).

KW - Bentonite

KW - Chemical compatibility

KW - Densification

KW - Free swell

KW - Geosynthetic clay liner

KW - Geosynthetics

KW - Hydraulic conductivity

KW - Prehydration

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EP - 241

JO - Geosynthetics International

JF - Geosynthetics International

IS - 3

ER -

Hydraulic conductivity of a dense prehydrated GCL permeated with aggressive inorganic solutions

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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