Abstract
A flavonoid Astragalin (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, Ast) has several biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-HIV, and anti-allergic effects. Nonetheless, its insolubility in hydrophilic solvents imposes restrictions on its therapeutic applications. In this study, we investigated the effects of water-soluble astragalin-galactoside (kaempferol-3-O-β-D-isomaltotrioside, Ast-Gal) on murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (DC) maturation and T helper (Th) cell-mediated immune responses. Ast-Gal significantly increased maturation and activation of DCs through the upregulation of surface markers, such as cluster of differentiation (CD)80, CD86, and Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II in a dose-dependent manner, while Ast had little effects. Additionally, Ast-Gal-treated DCs markedly secreted immune-stimulating cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-12. Importantly, Ast-Gal strongly increased expression of IL-12, a polarizing cytokine of Th1 cells. In a co-culture system of DCs and CD4+ T cells, Ast-Gal-treated DCs preferentially differentiates naïve CD4+ T cells into Th1 cells. The addition of neutralizing IL-12 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to cultures of Ast-Gal-treated DCs and CD4+ T cells significantly decreased interferon (IFN)-γ production, thereby indicating that Ast-Gal-stimulated DCs enhance the Th1 response through IL-12 production by DCs. Injection with Ast-Gal-treated DCs in mice increased IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cell population. Collectively, these findings indicate that hydrophilically modified astragalin can enhance Th1-mediated immune responses via DCs and point to a possible application of water-soluble astragalin-galactoside as an immune adjuvant.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 3120 |
Journal | International journal of molecular sciences |
Volume | 19 |
Issue number | 10 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2018 Oct 11 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. NRF-2017R1A2B2009442), the Creative Materials Discovery Program (Grant No. 2016M3D1A1021387), and the Korea Drug Development Fund (Grant No. KDDF-201612-09).
Funding Information:
Funding: This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (Grant No. NRF-2017R1A2B2009442), the Creative Materials Discovery Program (Grant No. 2016M3D1A1021387), and the Korea Drug Development Fund (Grant No. KDDF-201612-09).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Keywords
- Adjuvant
- Astragalin galactoside
- Dendritic cell
- Hydrophilic modification
- Th1 cell
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Catalysis
- Molecular Biology
- Spectroscopy
- Computer Science Applications
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry
- Organic Chemistry
- Inorganic Chemistry