TY - JOUR
T1 - Hypoxia-targeted drug delivery
AU - Sharma, Amit
AU - Arambula, Jonathan F.
AU - Koo, Seyoung
AU - Kumar, Rajesh
AU - Singh, Hardev
AU - Sessler, Jonathan L.
AU - Kim, Jong Seung
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the CRI project (grant no. 2018R1A3B1052702 to J. S. K.) from the National Research Foundation (NRF) of Korea, Shangha University (center funds to J. L. S.), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (grant no. CA68682 to J. L. S., grant no. CA232765 to J. F. A.), and the Robert A. Welch Foundation (chair F-0018 to J. L. S.). Support from Shanghai University is also gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2019/2/7
Y1 - 2019/2/7
N2 - Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension found in numerous solid tumours. It is typically associated with abnormal vasculature, which results in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients, as well as impaired delivery of drugs. The hypoxic nature of tumours often leads to the development of localized heterogeneous environments characterized by variable oxygen concentrations, relatively low pH, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hypoxic heterogeneity promotes tumour invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and an increase in multidrug-resistant proteins. These factors decrease the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and can provide a barrier to advancing drug leads beyond the early stages of preclinical development. This review highlights various hypoxia-targeted and activated design strategies for the formulation of drugs or prodrugs and their mechanism of action for tumour diagnosis and treatment.
AB - Hypoxia is a state of low oxygen tension found in numerous solid tumours. It is typically associated with abnormal vasculature, which results in a reduced supply of oxygen and nutrients, as well as impaired delivery of drugs. The hypoxic nature of tumours often leads to the development of localized heterogeneous environments characterized by variable oxygen concentrations, relatively low pH, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The hypoxic heterogeneity promotes tumour invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and an increase in multidrug-resistant proteins. These factors decrease the therapeutic efficacy of anticancer drugs and can provide a barrier to advancing drug leads beyond the early stages of preclinical development. This review highlights various hypoxia-targeted and activated design strategies for the formulation of drugs or prodrugs and their mechanism of action for tumour diagnosis and treatment.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85060630431&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/c8cs00304a
DO - 10.1039/c8cs00304a
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30575832
AN - SCOPUS:85060630431
SN - 0306-0012
VL - 48
SP - 771
EP - 813
JO - Chemical Society Reviews
JF - Chemical Society Reviews
IS - 3
ER -