Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste: An integrated mechanistic approach

Mahtab Ahmad; Yohey Hashimoto; Deok Hyun Moon; Sang Soo Lee; Yong Sik Ok

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.047

Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste: An integrated mechanistic approach

Mahtab Ahmad, Yohey Hashimoto, Deok Hyun Moon, Sang Soo Lee, Yong Sik Ok

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

158 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of eggshell and calcined eggshell on lead (Pb) immobilization in a shooting range soil. Destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques were employed to determine the mechanism of Pb immobilization. The 5% additions of eggshell and calcined eggshell significantly decreased the TCLP-Pb concentration by 68.8% due mainly to increasing soil pH. Eggshell and calcined-eggshell amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb fraction to ~1% of the total Pb in the soil, while the carbonate-associated Pb fraction was increased to 40.0-47.1% at >15% application rates. The thermodynamic modeling on Pb speciation in the soil solution predicted the precipitation of Pb-hydroxide [Pb(OH) ₂] in soils amended with eggshell and calcined eggshell. The SEM-EDS, XAFS and elemental dot mapping revealed that Pb in soil amended with calcined eggshell was associated with Si and Ca, and may be immobilized by entrapping into calcium-silicate-hydrate. Comparatively, in the soil amended with eggshell, Pb was immobilized via formation of Pb-hydroxide or lanarkite [Pb ₂O(SO ₄)]. Applications of amendments increased activities of alkaline phosphatase up to 3.7 times greater than in the control soil. The use of eggshell amendments may have potential as an integrated remediation strategy that enables Pb immobilization and soil biological restoration in shooting range soils.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	392-401
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journal of hazardous materials
Volume	209-210
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.047
Publication status	Published - 2012 Mar 30
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (Project number: 2009-0071439). The authors thank the members of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Korea and SPring-8, Japan for providing synchrotron user facilities for X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy experimentation. Data of several XAFS standard spectra were provided by Dr. Masaki Takaoka (Kyoto University, Japan). The XAFS spectroscopy experimentation was conducted using a Beamline BL01B1 at the SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan, supported by the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (proposal nos. 2007B1315, 2008A1265, and 2009A1255).

Keywords

Eggshell
Immobilization
Lead
Shooting range soil
X-ray absorption fine structure

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Engineering
Environmental Chemistry
Waste Management and Disposal
Pollution
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis

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10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.047

Cite this

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title = "Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste: An integrated mechanistic approach",

abstract = "This study evaluated the effectiveness of eggshell and calcined eggshell on lead (Pb) immobilization in a shooting range soil. Destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques were employed to determine the mechanism of Pb immobilization. The 5% additions of eggshell and calcined eggshell significantly decreased the TCLP-Pb concentration by 68.8% due mainly to increasing soil pH. Eggshell and calcined-eggshell amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb fraction to ~1% of the total Pb in the soil, while the carbonate-associated Pb fraction was increased to 40.0-47.1% at >15% application rates. The thermodynamic modeling on Pb speciation in the soil solution predicted the precipitation of Pb-hydroxide [Pb(OH) 2] in soils amended with eggshell and calcined eggshell. The SEM-EDS, XAFS and elemental dot mapping revealed that Pb in soil amended with calcined eggshell was associated with Si and Ca, and may be immobilized by entrapping into calcium-silicate-hydrate. Comparatively, in the soil amended with eggshell, Pb was immobilized via formation of Pb-hydroxide or lanarkite [Pb 2O(SO 4)]. Applications of amendments increased activities of alkaline phosphatase up to 3.7 times greater than in the control soil. The use of eggshell amendments may have potential as an integrated remediation strategy that enables Pb immobilization and soil biological restoration in shooting range soils.",

keywords = "Eggshell, Immobilization, Lead, Shooting range soil, X-ray absorption fine structure",

author = "Mahtab Ahmad and Yohey Hashimoto and Moon, {Deok Hyun} and Lee, {Sang Soo} and Ok, {Yong Sik}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (Project number: 2009-0071439). The authors thank the members of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Korea and SPring-8, Japan for providing synchrotron user facilities for X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy experimentation. Data of several XAFS standard spectra were provided by Dr. Masaki Takaoka (Kyoto University, Japan). The XAFS spectroscopy experimentation was conducted using a Beamline BL01B1 at the SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan, supported by the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (proposal nos. 2007B1315, 2008A1265, and 2009A1255). ",

year = "2012",

month = mar,

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doi = "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.01.047",

language = "English",

volume = "209-210",

pages = "392--401",

journal = "Journal of hazardous materials",

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T1 - Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste

T2 - An integrated mechanistic approach

AU - Ahmad, Mahtab

AU - Hashimoto, Yohey

AU - Moon, Deok Hyun

AU - Lee, Sang Soo

AU - Ok, Yong Sik

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea Grant funded by the Korean government (Project number: 2009-0071439). The authors thank the members of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory (PAL), Korea and SPring-8, Japan for providing synchrotron user facilities for X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy experimentation. Data of several XAFS standard spectra were provided by Dr. Masaki Takaoka (Kyoto University, Japan). The XAFS spectroscopy experimentation was conducted using a Beamline BL01B1 at the SPring-8, Hyogo, Japan, supported by the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI) (proposal nos. 2007B1315, 2008A1265, and 2009A1255).

PY - 2012/3/30

Y1 - 2012/3/30

N2 - This study evaluated the effectiveness of eggshell and calcined eggshell on lead (Pb) immobilization in a shooting range soil. Destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques were employed to determine the mechanism of Pb immobilization. The 5% additions of eggshell and calcined eggshell significantly decreased the TCLP-Pb concentration by 68.8% due mainly to increasing soil pH. Eggshell and calcined-eggshell amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb fraction to ~1% of the total Pb in the soil, while the carbonate-associated Pb fraction was increased to 40.0-47.1% at >15% application rates. The thermodynamic modeling on Pb speciation in the soil solution predicted the precipitation of Pb-hydroxide [Pb(OH) 2] in soils amended with eggshell and calcined eggshell. The SEM-EDS, XAFS and elemental dot mapping revealed that Pb in soil amended with calcined eggshell was associated with Si and Ca, and may be immobilized by entrapping into calcium-silicate-hydrate. Comparatively, in the soil amended with eggshell, Pb was immobilized via formation of Pb-hydroxide or lanarkite [Pb 2O(SO 4)]. Applications of amendments increased activities of alkaline phosphatase up to 3.7 times greater than in the control soil. The use of eggshell amendments may have potential as an integrated remediation strategy that enables Pb immobilization and soil biological restoration in shooting range soils.

AB - This study evaluated the effectiveness of eggshell and calcined eggshell on lead (Pb) immobilization in a shooting range soil. Destructive and non-destructive analytical techniques were employed to determine the mechanism of Pb immobilization. The 5% additions of eggshell and calcined eggshell significantly decreased the TCLP-Pb concentration by 68.8% due mainly to increasing soil pH. Eggshell and calcined-eggshell amendments decreased the exchangeable Pb fraction to ~1% of the total Pb in the soil, while the carbonate-associated Pb fraction was increased to 40.0-47.1% at >15% application rates. The thermodynamic modeling on Pb speciation in the soil solution predicted the precipitation of Pb-hydroxide [Pb(OH) 2] in soils amended with eggshell and calcined eggshell. The SEM-EDS, XAFS and elemental dot mapping revealed that Pb in soil amended with calcined eggshell was associated with Si and Ca, and may be immobilized by entrapping into calcium-silicate-hydrate. Comparatively, in the soil amended with eggshell, Pb was immobilized via formation of Pb-hydroxide or lanarkite [Pb 2O(SO 4)]. Applications of amendments increased activities of alkaline phosphatase up to 3.7 times greater than in the control soil. The use of eggshell amendments may have potential as an integrated remediation strategy that enables Pb immobilization and soil biological restoration in shooting range soils.

KW - Eggshell

KW - Immobilization

KW - Lead

KW - Shooting range soil

KW - X-ray absorption fine structure

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AN - SCOPUS:84862781243

SN - 0304-3894

VL - 209-210

SP - 392

EP - 401

JO - Journal of hazardous materials

JF - Journal of hazardous materials

ER -

Immobilization of lead in a Korean military shooting range soil using eggshell waste: An integrated mechanistic approach

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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