Impact of vertical stratification on the 2020 spring bloom in the Yellow Sea

Go Un Kim, Jaeik Lee, Yong Sun Kim, Jae Hoon Noh, Young Shin Kwon, Howon Lee, Meehye Lee, Jongmin Jeong, Myung Jin Hyun, Jongseok Won, Jin Yong Jeong

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

2 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Yellow Sea is one of the world’s most abundant marine resources, providing food and economic benefits to the Korean and Chinese populations. In spring 2020, a decrease in the intensity of phytoplankton bloom was observed. While one study attributed this decline to a decrease in nutrient associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, our previous research proposed weakened thermal stratification accompanied by a surface cooling anomaly as the cause. However, the relationship between the marine environment and ecosystem has not been fully elucidated. Using observations and marine physical-biogeochemical model data, we identified the weakened stratification as a critical factor for suppressing the 2020 spring bloom. Intense vertical mixing hindered the accumulation of nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations within the euphotic zone, resulting in a diminished phytoplankton bloom. In contrast, reduced nitrate and phosphate concentrations in 2020 were insignificant compared to those in 2017–2019, despite the notable decline in PM2.5 in March 2020 due to COVID-19. In April 2020, nutrient levels fell within the range of interannual variability based on long-term observations, reflecting a negligible effect on the spring phytoplankton bloom. Our findings provide insight into the importance of marine physical factors on the phytoplankton biomass in the Yellow Sea.

Original languageEnglish
Article number14320
JournalScientific reports
Volume13
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2023 Dec

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© 2023, Springer Nature Limited.

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