TY - JOUR
T1 - Inactivation of Clostridium difficile spore outgrowth by synergistic effects of nisin and lysozyme
AU - Chai, Changhoon
AU - Lee, Kyung Soo
AU - Imm, Goo Sang
AU - Kim, Young Soon
AU - Oh, Se Wook
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a program of High Valueadded Food Technology Development of Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA) (grant 313032-03-2-HD020). This study was also supported by 2016 Research Grant from Kangwon National University.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017, Canadian Science Publishing. All rights reserved.
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Inactivating Clostridium difficile spores is difficult, as they are resistant to heat, chemicals, and antimicrobials. However, this note describes inactivation of C. difficile spore outgrowth by incubation in a solution containing a germinant (1% (m/v) sodium taurocholate), co-germinants (1% (m/v) tryptose and 1% (m/v) NaCl), and natural antimicrobials (20 nmol·L–1 nisin and 0.2 mmol·L–1 lysozyme). Clostridium difficile spores were resistant to nisin and lysozyme but became susceptible during germination and outgrowth triggered and promoted by sodium taurocholate, tryptose, and NaCl. The degree of inactivation of germinated and outgrowing C. difficile spores by both nisin and lysozyme was greater than the sum of that by nisin and lysozyme individually, suggesting synergistic inactivation of C. difficile spores. The germinant, co-germinants, and natural antimicrobials used in this study are safe for human contact and consumption. Therefore, these findings will facilitate the development of a safe and effective method to inactivate C. difficile spore.
AB - Inactivating Clostridium difficile spores is difficult, as they are resistant to heat, chemicals, and antimicrobials. However, this note describes inactivation of C. difficile spore outgrowth by incubation in a solution containing a germinant (1% (m/v) sodium taurocholate), co-germinants (1% (m/v) tryptose and 1% (m/v) NaCl), and natural antimicrobials (20 nmol·L–1 nisin and 0.2 mmol·L–1 lysozyme). Clostridium difficile spores were resistant to nisin and lysozyme but became susceptible during germination and outgrowth triggered and promoted by sodium taurocholate, tryptose, and NaCl. The degree of inactivation of germinated and outgrowing C. difficile spores by both nisin and lysozyme was greater than the sum of that by nisin and lysozyme individually, suggesting synergistic inactivation of C. difficile spores. The germinant, co-germinants, and natural antimicrobials used in this study are safe for human contact and consumption. Therefore, these findings will facilitate the development of a safe and effective method to inactivate C. difficile spore.
KW - Clostridium difficile
KW - Lysozyme
KW - Nisin
KW - Spore
KW - Synergistic inactivation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85021754028&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1139/cjm-2016-0550
DO - 10.1139/cjm-2016-0550
M3 - Article
C2 - 28346844
AN - SCOPUS:85021754028
SN - 0008-4166
VL - 63
SP - 638
EP - 643
JO - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
JF - Canadian Journal of Microbiology
IS - 7
ER -