TY - JOUR
T1 - Inactivation of Salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells by simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide and mild wet heat
AU - Park, Sunhyung
AU - Beuchat, Larry R.
AU - Kim, Hoikyung
AU - Ryu, Jee Hoon
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean Government (MSIP) ( NRF- 2012R1A1A2007954 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - The aim of this study was to investigate the lethal effects of simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and mild wet heat (55 °C at 100% relative humidity [RH]) on Salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells. Gaseous ClO2 production decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as the RH (23, 43, 68, 85, and 100%) at 25 °C was increased. The lethality of gaseous ClO2 against S. enterica in feces on eggshells increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as RH increased. For example, when treated with gaseous ClO2 at 85 and 100% RH at 25 °C, S. enterica (5.9 log CFU/egg) was inactivated within 4 h. In contrast, at 23, 43, and 68% RH, the pathogen remained at 5.1, 5.0, and 2.8 log CFU/egg, respectively, after 6 h. Finally, when eggshells surface-contaminated with S. enterica (5.8 log CFU/egg) were treated with gaseous ClO2 (peak concentration of ClO2: 185.6 ppm) at 100% RH and 55 °C, inactivation occurred within 1 h. These results indicate that treatment of surface-contaminated shell eggs with gaseous ClO2 at elevated RH and temperature is effective in inactivating S. enterica. These observations will be useful when developing an effective sanitation program to enhance the microbiological safety of shell eggs.
AB - The aim of this study was to investigate the lethal effects of simultaneous treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) and mild wet heat (55 °C at 100% relative humidity [RH]) on Salmonella enterica in chicken feces on the surface of eggshells. Gaseous ClO2 production decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as the RH (23, 43, 68, 85, and 100%) at 25 °C was increased. The lethality of gaseous ClO2 against S. enterica in feces on eggshells increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as RH increased. For example, when treated with gaseous ClO2 at 85 and 100% RH at 25 °C, S. enterica (5.9 log CFU/egg) was inactivated within 4 h. In contrast, at 23, 43, and 68% RH, the pathogen remained at 5.1, 5.0, and 2.8 log CFU/egg, respectively, after 6 h. Finally, when eggshells surface-contaminated with S. enterica (5.8 log CFU/egg) were treated with gaseous ClO2 (peak concentration of ClO2: 185.6 ppm) at 100% RH and 55 °C, inactivation occurred within 1 h. These results indicate that treatment of surface-contaminated shell eggs with gaseous ClO2 at elevated RH and temperature is effective in inactivating S. enterica. These observations will be useful when developing an effective sanitation program to enhance the microbiological safety of shell eggs.
KW - Eggshell
KW - Gaseous chlorine dioxide
KW - High relative humidity
KW - High temperature
KW - Salmonella enterica
KW - Sanitizer
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84992034897&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.026
DO - 10.1016/j.fm.2016.10.026
M3 - Article
C2 - 27889149
AN - SCOPUS:84992034897
SN - 0740-0020
VL - 62
SP - 202
EP - 206
JO - Food Microbiology
JF - Food Microbiology
ER -