Inhibitory effect of prostaglandin E₂ on the migration of nasal fibroblasts

Background: Fibroblast migration is crucial for normal wound repair after sinonasal surgery. Prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂) is a potent inhibitor of fibroblast functions including chemotaxis, proliferation, and matrix production. The purpose of this study was to determine whether PGE ₂ affects the migration of nasal fibroblasts and to investigate the mechanism of action of PGE2 on nasal fibroblasts. Methods: Primary cultures of nasal fibroblasts were established from inferior turbinate samples. Fibroblast migration was evaluated with scratch assays. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed for E prostanoid (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors. EP receptor-selective agonists and antagonists were used to evaluate receptor functions. Stimulatory G (Gs) proteins were activated to evaluate mechanisms. Intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels were measured by ELISA, and fibroblast cytoskeletal structures were visualized with immunocytochemistry. Results: PGE₂ significantly reduced the migration of nasal fibroblasts. Agonists selective for the EP2 and EP4 receptors significantly reduced the nasal fibroblast migration. Antagonists of the EP2 and EP4 receptors inhibited the effect of PGE₂ on nasal fibroblast migration. Activation of Gs protein and adenyl cyclase reduced nasal fibroblast migration. Conclusion: PGE₂ inhibited the migration of nasal fibroblasts via the EP2 and EP4 receptors, and this inhibition was mediated by cAMP elevation. Targeting specific EP receptors could offer therapeutic opportunities for conditions such as delayed wound healing after nasal surgery.