Inspection of PN, CO2, and regulated gaseous emissions characteristics from a GDI vehicle under various real-world vehicle test modes

Kangjin Kim, Wonyong Chung, Myungsoo Kim, Charyung Kim, Cha Lee Myung, Simsoo Park

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    13 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Although the chassis dynamometer type approval test considers real-world conditions, there are a few limitations to the experimental test environment that may affect gaseous or particulate emissions such as road conditions, traffic, decreasing tire pressure, or fluctuating ambient temperature. Furthermore, the real driving emission (RDE) test takes a long time, and it is too long to repeat under different experimental conditions. The National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) test modes that reflect the driving pattern of Korea are not certification test modes, but can be used to evaluate the influence of traffic conditions because these modes consist of a total of 15 test modes that vary according to average speed. The use of the NIER #03, #09, and #13 modes as low-, medium-, and high-speed modes allow for gaseous and particulate emissions to be measured and analyzed. Additionally, the worldwide harmonized light-duty vehicle test procedure (WLTP), the certification mode of Europe, is used to test cycles to investigate the difference under cold- and hot-engine start conditions. The engine operating parameters are also measured to evaluate the relationships between the various test conditions and test cycles. The regulated and greenhouse gas levels decrease under various driving conditions, but the particle number (PN) emission level shows a different trend with gaseous emissions. While the PN and CO2 results dramatically increase when the air conditioner is on, tire pressure conditions show different PN size distributions: a large-sized PN fraction, which contains particles larger than 100 nm, increases and a sub-23 nm-sized PN fraction decreases. Under cold-start conditions in the WLTP modes, there are much higher PN emissions than that of an engine under hot-start conditions, and the sub-23-nm-sized PN fraction also increases.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number2581
    JournalEnergies
    Volume13
    Issue number10
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2020 May

    Bibliographical note

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

    Keywords

    • Carbon dioxide (CO)
    • Driving conditions
    • EEPS
    • GDI
    • NIER testing mode
    • Particle number (PN)

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Control and Optimization
    • Energy (miscellaneous)
    • Engineering (miscellaneous)
    • Energy Engineering and Power Technology
    • Electrical and Electronic Engineering
    • Fuel Technology
    • Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

    Fingerprint

    Dive into the research topics of 'Inspection of PN, CO2, and regulated gaseous emissions characteristics from a GDI vehicle under various real-world vehicle test modes'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

    Cite this