Abstract
This study aimed to assess the application of an electrochemical oxidation (ECO) and flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) sequential hybrid process for the treatment of high-concentration ions, organic pollutants (i.e., humic acid, alginate, benzoic acid, phenol, and 4-chlorophenol), and marine algae. The ECO system led to the rapid generation of reactive chlorine species (RCS) via anodic oxidation of the boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode under optimum current in the NaCl-based feed solution, which caused the reduction of total organic carbon (TOC) and the degradation of algae cells. However, the formation of undesirable by-products (i.e., toxic perchlorate) was triggered by direct electrolysis. Concurrently, the optimal operational conditions of the FCDI system were evaluated based on the monitoring of process performance according to various parameters (i.e., applied voltage, electrode mass loading, electrolyte concentration in the flow electrode, feed solution concentration, and adsorption/desorption phase operation). Finally, the superiority of the ECO–FCDI hybrid process was confirmed and clearly demonstrated via the effective decomposition of organic compounds and the complete removal of toxic perchlorate by-product together with the effect of deionization. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to develop and apply the ECO–FCDI integrated process for the removal of a broad spectrum of pollutants (including both organics and ions) and to attain successful desalination.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 120335 |
Journal | Separation and Purification Technology |
Volume | 285 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2022 Mar 15 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) through Industrial Facilities & Infrastructure Research Program, funded by Korea Ministry of Environment (MOE) (1485017292), and by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (2020R1I1A1A01051906).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Boron-doped diamond electrode
- Deionization
- Electrochemical oxidation
- Flow-electrode capacitive deionization
- Marine algae
- Organic pollutants
- Perchlorate
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Analytical Chemistry
- Filtration and Separation