Interactive metabolic signatures of testicular testosterone with bilateral adrenalectomy in mice

The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axes have reciprocal relationships with steroidogenesis regulation. However, the relationship between testicular steroids and defective glucocorticoid production under chronic stress remains unclear. Metabolic changes of testicular steroids in bilateral adrenalectomized (bADX) 8-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Twelve weeks after surgery, testis samples were obtained from the model mice, which were divided into tap-water (n = 12) and 1 % saline (n = 24) supplementation groups, and their testicular steroid levels were compared with those of sham controls (n = 11). An increased survival rate with lower testicular levels of tetrahydro-11-deoxycorticosterone was observed in the 1 % saline group compared to both the tap-water (p = 0.029) and sham (p = 0.062) groups. Testicular corticosterone levels were significantly decreased in both tap-water (4.22 ± 2.73 ng/g, p = 0.015) and 1 % saline (3.70 ± 1.69, p = 0.002) groups compared to those in sham controls (7.41 ± 7.39). Testicular testosterone levels tended to increase in both bADX groups compared to those in the sham controls. In addition, increased metabolic ratios of testosterone to androstenedione in tap-water (2.24 ± 0.44, p < 0.05) and 1 % saline (2.18 ± 0.60, p < 0.05) mice compared to sham controls (1.87 ± 0.55) suggested increased production of testicular testosterone. No significant differences in serum steroid levels were observed. Defective adrenal corticosterone secretion and increased testicular production in bADX models revealed an interactive mechanism underlying chronic stress. The present experimental evidence suggests the crosstalk between the HPA and HPG axes in homeostatic steroidogenesis.