@article{16ea8c61e0cc47f0ad67c4546d497370,
title = "Li alloy-based non-volatile actuators",
abstract = " Conventional artificial muscles induce bending by aligning large-sized ions within the electrolyte upon bias application. Such design, alike many other actuator types, suffer from volatile actuation where the actuated position gets lost upon switch-off. Here, we develop a non-volatile artificial muscle with ion insertion electrode materials. Upon bias application, the inserted ions pose stress on the electrodes that sustain even after power shut-off. The demonstrated actuator consists of lithium germanide (Li x Ge) thin films deposited on both sides of a flexible polyimide (PI) substrate. The device exhibits 35.2 mm displacement when operated at 2 V and generates the blocking force of 0.67 mN. The observed stress and volume expansion reach 248 MPa and 8.2% for the 284 nm Li 3 Ge thin films, respectively. The actuated position is maintained against gravity with 12.1% decay in the actuated distance after 10 min. The novel actuator type proves the potential use of lithium insertion materials as actuation materials and shows that non-volatile actuation can be realized with ion-insertion electrodes. ",
keywords = "Artificial Muscles, Electrochemistry, Li Alloys, Non-Volatile Actuation",
author = "Noh, {Myoung Sub} and Hyunseok Lee and Song, {Young Geun} and Inki Jung and Ruiguang Ning and Paek, {Sung Wook} and Song, {Hyun Cheol} and Baek, {Seung Hyub} and Kang, {Chong Yun} and Sangtae Kim",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by Korea University of Science and Technology under the contract number 2G10050. M.-S.N, I.J., C.-Y.K. and S.K. acknowledge support from the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. CAP-17-04-KRISS). H.-C.S. and C.-Y.K. acknowledge support from the Energy Technology Development Project (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (No. 2018201010636A) S.-H.B. and R. Ning acknowledge support from Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) through 2E28210. Funding Information: This work was supported by Korea University of Science and Technology under the contract number 2G10050 . M.-S.N, I.J., C.-Y.K. and S.K. acknowledge support from the National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST) grant by the Korea government (MSIP) (No. CAP-17-04-KRISS ). H.-C.S. and C.-Y.K. acknowledge support from the Energy Technology Development Project (KETEP) grant funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy , Republic of Korea (No. 2018201010636A ) S.-H.B. and R. Ning acknowledge support from Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) through 2E28210 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018",
year = "2019",
month = mar,
doi = "10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.095",
language = "English",
volume = "57",
pages = "653--659",
journal = "Nano Energy",
issn = "2211-2855",
publisher = "Elsevier BV",
}