Liquid height effect on sonochemical reactions in a 35kHz sonoreactor

In order to investigate the effect of liquid height based on the wavelength of ultrasound for sonochemical reactions, various liquid heights and input powers were applied in a large-scale 35 kHz sonoreactor. For the liquid height of 1 λ to 6 λ, 5 λ was determined as the optimum level for all applied input powers of 30, 60, and 90 W. The results revealed that liquid height should be above a certain level in order to optimize both sonochemical efficiency and conversion efficiency. Moreover, the enhancement of applying a higher input power was reducing as the liquid height increased and there was no significant difference of conversion efficiency at optimal liquid height due to a larger attenuation for a higher input power. To understand further the effect of the water level, the liquid height was adjusted by quarter of a wavelength from the liquid height of 1 L. Consequently, a small change of liquid height resulted in a significant difference for both sonochemical efficiency and conversion efficiency. A peak value for each change of the liquid height by half a wavelength was also observed.