TY - JOUR
T1 - Long Working Hours and Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
T2 - Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII
AU - Song, Eyun
AU - Kim, Jung A.
AU - Roh, Eun
AU - Yu, Ji Hee
AU - Kim, Nam Hoon
AU - Yoo, Hye Jin
AU - Seo, Ji A.
AU - Kim, Sin Gon
AU - Kim, Nan Hee
AU - Baik, Sei Hyun
AU - Choi, Kyung Mook
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Korea University Research Fund (K2100331).
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Song, Kim, Roh, Yu, Kim, Yoo, Seo, Kim, Kim, Baik and Choi.
PY - 2021/5/6
Y1 - 2021/5/6
N2 - Background: The global incidence of NAFLD is rising sharply due to various risk factors. As previous studies reported adverse health impact of long working hours on metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, it is plausible that NAFLD is also associated with working excessive hours. However, data regarding this issue is limited. Methods: In this cross-sectional study based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII, 5,661 working adults without previous liver disease or heavy alcohol drinking habits were included. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to working hours: 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), which is a validated prediction model for determining NAFLD. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD (HSI ≥36) increased with longer working hours: 23.0%, 25.6%, and 30.6% in the 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week group, respectively (p <0.001). Subjects who worked 53–83 hours/week had higher odds for NAFLD than those who worked the standard 36–42 hours/week (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.50, p = 0.033) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol. This association was consistent across subgroups according to working schedule (daytime vs. shift workers) or occupation type (office vs. manual workers). In particular, the relationship between long working hours and NAFLD was pronounced in workers aged <60 years and in female workers. Conclusions: Long working hours was significantly associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required to validate this finding with causal relationship.
AB - Background: The global incidence of NAFLD is rising sharply due to various risk factors. As previous studies reported adverse health impact of long working hours on metabolic diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and obesity, it is plausible that NAFLD is also associated with working excessive hours. However, data regarding this issue is limited. Methods: In this cross-sectional study based on Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey VII, 5,661 working adults without previous liver disease or heavy alcohol drinking habits were included. The subjects were categorized into three groups according to working hours: 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week. NAFLD was defined using the hepatic steatosis index (HSI), which is a validated prediction model for determining NAFLD. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD (HSI ≥36) increased with longer working hours: 23.0%, 25.6%, and 30.6% in the 36–42, 43–52, and 53–83 hours/week group, respectively (p <0.001). Subjects who worked 53–83 hours/week had higher odds for NAFLD than those who worked the standard 36–42 hours/week (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.02–1.50, p = 0.033) after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, exercise, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, serum triglyceride, and total cholesterol. This association was consistent across subgroups according to working schedule (daytime vs. shift workers) or occupation type (office vs. manual workers). In particular, the relationship between long working hours and NAFLD was pronounced in workers aged <60 years and in female workers. Conclusions: Long working hours was significantly associated with NAFLD. Further prospective studies are required to validate this finding with causal relationship.
KW - fatty liver disease
KW - hepatic steatosis index
KW - liver steatosis
KW - metabolic diseases
KW - occupational health
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85106182804&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fendo.2021.647459
DO - 10.3389/fendo.2021.647459
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85106182804
SN - 1664-2392
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Endocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology
M1 - 647459
ER -