Abstract
Several filtration systems have been applied to advanced water treatment and even conventional water treatment processes. Although the membrane filtration systems are the most feasible alternative for water treatment, several problems still remain for efficient operation of membrane filtration. Among these problems, fouling is one of the major challenges to overcome in membrane technology. Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane is a polyamide thin-film composite membrane and forward osmosis (FO) membrane is a cellulose-based membrane, thus fouling could differ between RO and FO due to different membrane surface characteristics, which are discussed in this chapter. The chapter also discusses various strategies that mitigate fouling formation in the FO process in terms of spacers, cross-flow velocity, air scouring, cross-flow type, and osmotic backwashing. The osmotic backwashing is applied to an osmotic membrane bioreactor system that utilizes a submerged FO membrane in the bioreactor.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Title of host publication | Forward Osmosis |
| Subtitle of host publication | Fundamentals and Applications |
| Publisher | American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) |
| Pages | 217-240 |
| Number of pages | 24 |
| ISBN (Electronic) | 9780784479230 |
| ISBN (Print) | 9780784414071 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2015 Jan 1 |
Bibliographical note
Publisher Copyright:© 2015 by the American Society of Civil Engineers. All Rights Reserved.
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Engineering
- General Environmental Science