Molecular characterization of U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases (TaPUB2 and TaPUB3) involved in the positive regulation of drought stress response in Arabidopsis

Plant U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligase (PUB) is involved in various environmental stress condi-tions. However, the molecular mechanism of U‐box proteins in response to abiotic stress in wheat remains unknown. In this study, two U‐box E3 ligase genes (TaPUB2 and TaPUB3), which are highly expressed in response to adverse abiotic stresses, were isolated from common wheat, and their cellular functions were characterized under drought stress. Transient expression assay revealed that TaPUB2 was localized in the cytoplasm and Golgi apparatus, whereas TaPUB3 was expressed only in the Golgi apparatus in wheat protoplasts. Additionally, TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 underwent self-ubiquitination. Moreover, TaPUB2/TaPUB3 heterodimer was identified in yeast and the cytoplasm of wheat protoplasts using a pull‐down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation anal-ysis. Heterogeneous overexpression of TaPUB2 and TaPUB3 conferred tolerance to drought stress. Taken together, these results implied that the heterodimeric form of U‐box E3 ubiquitin ligases (Ta‐ PUB2/TaPUB3) responded to abiotic stress and roles as a positive regulator of drought stress toler-ance.