Multi-layer electrode with nano-Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ aggregates sandwiched between carbon nanotube and graphene networks for high power Li-ion batteries

Self-aggregated Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ particles sandwiched between graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) network are reported as new hybrid electrodes for high power Li-ion batteries. The multi-layer electrodes are fabricated by sequential process comprising air-spray coating of GNSs layer and the following electrostatic spray (E-spray) coating of well-dispersed colloidal Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ nanoparticles, and subsequent air-spray coating of SWCNTs layer once again. In multi-stacked electrodes of GNSs/nanoporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ aggregates/SWCNTs networks, GNSs and SWCNTs serve as conducting bridges, effectively interweaving the nanoporous Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ aggregates, and help achieve superior rate capability as well as improved mechanical stability of the composite electrode by holding Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ tightly without a binder. The multi-stacked electrodes deliver a specific capacity that maintains an impressively high capacity of 100 mA h g^-1 at a high rate of 100C even after 1000 cycles.