TY - JOUR
T1 - NMR-based metabolic profiling and differentiation of ginseng roots according to cultivation ages
AU - Yang, Seung Ok
AU - Shin, Yoo Soo
AU - Hyun, Sun Hee
AU - Cho, Sayeon
AU - Bang, Kyong Hwan
AU - Lee, Dongho
AU - Choi, Seung Phill
AU - Choi, Hyung Kyoon
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant from the BioGreen 21 Program (No. 20070501034007), Rural Development Administration , Republic of Korea .
PY - 2012/1/25
Y1 - 2012/1/25
N2 - Ginseng is an important herbal resource worldwide, and the adulteration or falsification of cultivation age has been a serious problem in the commercial market. In this study, ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots, which were cultivated for 2-6years under GAP standard guidelines, were analyzed by NMR-based metabolomic techniques using two solvents. At first, ginseng root samples were extracted with 50% methanol, and analyzed by NMR with D 2O as the NMR dissolution solvent. The 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5/6-year-old ginseng root samples were separated in PLS-DA-derived score plots. However, 5- and 6-year-old ginseng roots were not separated by the solvent system. Therefore, various solvents were tested to differentiate the 5- and 6-year-old ginseng root samples, and 100% methanol-d 4 was chosen as the direct extraction and NMR dissolution solvent. In the PLS model using data from the 100% methanol-d 4 solvent, 5- and 6-year-old ginseng roots were clearly separated, and the model was validated using internal and external data sets. The obtained RMSEE and RMSEP values suggested that the PLS model has strong predictability for discriminating the age of 5- and 6-years-old ginseng roots. The present study suggests that the age of ginseng could be successfully predicted using two solvents, and the developed method in this study can be used as a standard protocol for discriminating and predicting the ages of ginseng root samples.
AB - Ginseng is an important herbal resource worldwide, and the adulteration or falsification of cultivation age has been a serious problem in the commercial market. In this study, ginseng (Panax ginseng) roots, which were cultivated for 2-6years under GAP standard guidelines, were analyzed by NMR-based metabolomic techniques using two solvents. At first, ginseng root samples were extracted with 50% methanol, and analyzed by NMR with D 2O as the NMR dissolution solvent. The 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5/6-year-old ginseng root samples were separated in PLS-DA-derived score plots. However, 5- and 6-year-old ginseng roots were not separated by the solvent system. Therefore, various solvents were tested to differentiate the 5- and 6-year-old ginseng root samples, and 100% methanol-d 4 was chosen as the direct extraction and NMR dissolution solvent. In the PLS model using data from the 100% methanol-d 4 solvent, 5- and 6-year-old ginseng roots were clearly separated, and the model was validated using internal and external data sets. The obtained RMSEE and RMSEP values suggested that the PLS model has strong predictability for discriminating the age of 5- and 6-years-old ginseng roots. The present study suggests that the age of ginseng could be successfully predicted using two solvents, and the developed method in this study can be used as a standard protocol for discriminating and predicting the ages of ginseng root samples.
KW - Ginseng
KW - Metabolomics
KW - NMR
KW - NMR solvent
KW - Panax ginseng
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=80255141795&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.016
DO - 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.016
M3 - Article
C2 - 21996062
AN - SCOPUS:80255141795
SN - 0731-7085
VL - 58
SP - 19
EP - 26
JO - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
JF - Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis
IS - 1
ER -