Non-enzymatic multiplexed detection of glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol using the nanocomposites-based electrochemical microfluidic platform

Metabolic syndrome is a group of conditions that together raise the risk of various diseases such as diabetes, stroke, cardiovascular diseases, and other serious health disorders. Herein, we developed a non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor platform for the simultaneous detection of glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which are known as metabolic syndrome biomarkers. We fabricated two sensing layers using nanocomposites comprising multi-walled carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles (e.g., gold titanium dioxide and zinc oxide) for non-enzymatic detection. At the glucose sensing part, the linear detection range was from 1 nM to 100 mM and the limit of detection was 1 nM. Meanwhile, the linear detection range was from 1 nM to 100 μM and the limit of detection was 1 nM at the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol sensing layer. Additionally, the non-enzymatic electrochemical sensor platform could selectively detect glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the detection capability of the sensor was maintained for 3 weeks. Moreover, we demonstrated sensitive and selective detection of spiked glucose and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in human plasma and ion sports drinks.