Observation of spatially-varying Fermi velocity in strained-graphene directly grown on hexagonal boron nitride

Won Jun Jang; Howon Kim; Yong Ro Shin; Min Wang; Sung Kyu Jang; Minwoo Kim; Sungjoo Lee; Sang Woo Kim; Young Jae Song; Se Jong Kahng

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015

Observation of spatially-varying Fermi velocity in strained-graphene directly grown on hexagonal boron nitride

Won Jun Jang, Howon Kim, Yong Ro Shin, Min Wang, Sung Kyu Jang, Minwoo Kim, Sungjoo Lee, Sang Woo Kim, Young Jae Song, Se Jong Kahng

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

37 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Electronic properties of graphene can be controlled by using elastic strain. Theories predicted two major effects of strain, pseudo-magnetic field and spatially-varying Fermi velocity effects in graphene, but only the former was confirmed by experiments. Here, we report the experimental evidences of the latter, observed in strained graphene weakly coupled to a hexagonal boron nitride (BN) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). V-shaped STS spectra showed spatially-varying slopes at lines across the strained ridges, whereas they showed constant slopes at lines along the long directions of ridges. The observed slope variations in the former were explained with the reduced Fermi velocity which is linear with the uniaxial strain less than 5% in agreement with theoretical predictions. Spatially-varying Fermi velocity that is controllable by local strain can provide an accessible component for the electronic engineering of graphene.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	139-145
Number of pages	7
Journal	Carbon
Volume	74
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015
Publication status	Published - 2014 Aug

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education Science and Technology of the Korean government through National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 2010-0025301 ; 2012-0013222 ; 2011-0030046 ; 2009-0083540 ; 2012R1A1A2020089 ; 2012R1A1A1041416 ).

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
General Materials Science

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10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015

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@article{846933432671496eabc80ccf6d216f05,

title = "Observation of spatially-varying Fermi velocity in strained-graphene directly grown on hexagonal boron nitride",

abstract = "Electronic properties of graphene can be controlled by using elastic strain. Theories predicted two major effects of strain, pseudo-magnetic field and spatially-varying Fermi velocity effects in graphene, but only the former was confirmed by experiments. Here, we report the experimental evidences of the latter, observed in strained graphene weakly coupled to a hexagonal boron nitride (BN) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). V-shaped STS spectra showed spatially-varying slopes at lines across the strained ridges, whereas they showed constant slopes at lines along the long directions of ridges. The observed slope variations in the former were explained with the reduced Fermi velocity which is linear with the uniaxial strain less than 5% in agreement with theoretical predictions. Spatially-varying Fermi velocity that is controllable by local strain can provide an accessible component for the electronic engineering of graphene.",

author = "Jang, {Won Jun} and Howon Kim and Shin, {Yong Ro} and Min Wang and Jang, {Sung Kyu} and Minwoo Kim and Sungjoo Lee and Kim, {Sang Woo} and Song, {Young Jae} and Kahng, {Se Jong}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education Science and Technology of the Korean government through National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 2010-0025301 ; 2012-0013222 ; 2011-0030046 ; 2009-0083540 ; 2012R1A1A2020089 ; 2012R1A1A1041416 ).",

year = "2014",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015",

language = "English",

volume = "74",

pages = "139--145",

journal = "Carbon",

issn = "0008-6223",

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T1 - Observation of spatially-varying Fermi velocity in strained-graphene directly grown on hexagonal boron nitride

AU - Jang, Won Jun

AU - Kim, Howon

AU - Shin, Yong Ro

AU - Wang, Min

AU - Jang, Sung Kyu

AU - Kim, Minwoo

AU - Lee, Sungjoo

AU - Kim, Sang Woo

AU - Song, Young Jae

AU - Kahng, Se Jong

N1 - Funding Information: The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Ministry of Education Science and Technology of the Korean government through National Research Foundation (Grant Nos. 2010-0025301 ; 2012-0013222 ; 2011-0030046 ; 2009-0083540 ; 2012R1A1A2020089 ; 2012R1A1A1041416 ).

PY - 2014/8

Y1 - 2014/8

N2 - Electronic properties of graphene can be controlled by using elastic strain. Theories predicted two major effects of strain, pseudo-magnetic field and spatially-varying Fermi velocity effects in graphene, but only the former was confirmed by experiments. Here, we report the experimental evidences of the latter, observed in strained graphene weakly coupled to a hexagonal boron nitride (BN) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). V-shaped STS spectra showed spatially-varying slopes at lines across the strained ridges, whereas they showed constant slopes at lines along the long directions of ridges. The observed slope variations in the former were explained with the reduced Fermi velocity which is linear with the uniaxial strain less than 5% in agreement with theoretical predictions. Spatially-varying Fermi velocity that is controllable by local strain can provide an accessible component for the electronic engineering of graphene.

AB - Electronic properties of graphene can be controlled by using elastic strain. Theories predicted two major effects of strain, pseudo-magnetic field and spatially-varying Fermi velocity effects in graphene, but only the former was confirmed by experiments. Here, we report the experimental evidences of the latter, observed in strained graphene weakly coupled to a hexagonal boron nitride (BN) using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and spectroscopy (STS). V-shaped STS spectra showed spatially-varying slopes at lines across the strained ridges, whereas they showed constant slopes at lines along the long directions of ridges. The observed slope variations in the former were explained with the reduced Fermi velocity which is linear with the uniaxial strain less than 5% in agreement with theoretical predictions. Spatially-varying Fermi velocity that is controllable by local strain can provide an accessible component for the electronic engineering of graphene.

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U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015

DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.03.015

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:84899489109

SN - 0008-6223

VL - 74

SP - 139

EP - 145

JO - Carbon

JF - Carbon

ER -

Observation of spatially-varying Fermi velocity in strained-graphene directly grown on hexagonal boron nitride

Abstract

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