TY - JOUR
T1 - Occurrence and exposure assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides from homemade baby food in Korea
AU - Jeong, Yunsun
AU - Lee, Sunggyu
AU - Kim, Sunmi
AU - Choi, Sung Deuk
AU - Park, Jeongim
AU - Kim, Hai Joong
AU - Lee, Jeong Jae
AU - Choi, Gyuyeon
AU - Choi, Sooran
AU - Kim, Sungjoo
AU - Kim, Su Young
AU - Kim, Young Don
AU - Cho, Geumjoon
AU - Suh, Eunsook
AU - Kim, Sung Koo
AU - Eun, So Hee
AU - Eom, Soyong
AU - Kim, Seunghyo
AU - Kim, Gun Ha
AU - Choi, Kyungho
AU - Kim, Sungkyoon
AU - Moon, Hyo Bang
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to express our gratitude to all participating mothers for their great efforts in collecting homemade baby food samples. This study was supported a grant from the Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA , 12162KFDA732 ) in 2012.
PY - 2014/2/1
Y1 - 2014/2/1
N2 - Data on the residue levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in baby food samples are scarce. This is the first study to explore current contamination status and exposure assessment of organochlorines (OCs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in baby food from Korea. In this study, the concentrations of OCs were determined in homemade baby food samples (n= 100) collected from 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old infant groups. The average concentrations of PCBs, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlordanes (CHLs) in baby food samples were 37.5, 96.6, 26.0, and 13.2. pg/g fresh weight, respectively. The major compounds were CBs 28, 153, 52, and 33 for PCBs and p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and β-HCH for OCPs. The contribution of DDTs to the total OC concentrations increased from 30% (6-month-old infants) to 67% (15-month-old infants) with increasing infant age, while the concentrations of PCBs, HCHs and CHLs gradually decreased with increasing infant age, suggesting that highest priority for risk reduction of DDTs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OCs in Korean infants from baby food consumption were lower than the thresholds proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Health Canada, implying limited potential health risks. However, considering simultaneous exposure from baby food and breast milk consumption, chlordanes and heptachlor epoxide posed potential health risks. Considering the importance of early development and the vulnerability of infants, it is essential to perform systematic monitoring and management programs of OCs in baby food for risk reduction in Korean infants.
AB - Data on the residue levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in baby food samples are scarce. This is the first study to explore current contamination status and exposure assessment of organochlorines (OCs), including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in baby food from Korea. In this study, the concentrations of OCs were determined in homemade baby food samples (n= 100) collected from 6-, 9-, 12- and 15-month-old infant groups. The average concentrations of PCBs, dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethanes (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and chlordanes (CHLs) in baby food samples were 37.5, 96.6, 26.0, and 13.2. pg/g fresh weight, respectively. The major compounds were CBs 28, 153, 52, and 33 for PCBs and p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT and β-HCH for OCPs. The contribution of DDTs to the total OC concentrations increased from 30% (6-month-old infants) to 67% (15-month-old infants) with increasing infant age, while the concentrations of PCBs, HCHs and CHLs gradually decreased with increasing infant age, suggesting that highest priority for risk reduction of DDTs. The estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of OCs in Korean infants from baby food consumption were lower than the thresholds proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Health Canada, implying limited potential health risks. However, considering simultaneous exposure from baby food and breast milk consumption, chlordanes and heptachlor epoxide posed potential health risks. Considering the importance of early development and the vulnerability of infants, it is essential to perform systematic monitoring and management programs of OCs in baby food for risk reduction in Korean infants.
KW - Baby food
KW - Daily intake
KW - Organochlorine
KW - POPs
KW - Risk
KW - Threshold
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84891740676&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.071
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.07.071
M3 - Article
C2 - 23954213
AN - SCOPUS:84891740676
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 470-471
SP - 1370
EP - 1375
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -