TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimizing extraction procedures for better removal of potentially toxic elements during EDTA-assisted soil washing
AU - Sun, Tao
AU - Beiyuan, Jingzi
AU - Gielen, Gerty
AU - Mao, Xiali
AU - Song, Zhaoliang
AU - Xu, Song
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Rinklebe, Jörg
AU - Liu, Dan
AU - Hou, Deyi
AU - Wong, Jonathan W.C.
AU - Wang, Hailong
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors received financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21876027), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (No. 2017A030311019), and the Special Fund for the Science and Technology Innovation Team of Foshan, China (No. 1920001000083).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - Purpose: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enhanced soil washing is an important technique of removing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from contaminated soils. Conventional mechanical shaking (CMS) method is widely adopted in soil washing. However, it consumes a considerable amount of time and energy. Extraction methods which need less contact time or power, such as static equilibrium extraction (SEE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), are potential to replace CMS in industrial application. Methods: The washing process of the soil from a contaminated site was optimized by investigating various extraction conditions, including EDTA concentration, contact time, and different extraction methods, such as CMS, SEE, and UAE, in this study. Results: The results indicated that EDTA greatly enhanced the removal of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from the soil. The EDTA was more effective in removing Pb and Cu than Cd and Zn, regardless of the extraction method. This might be mainly attributed to the strong complexation capacity of EDTA with Pb and Cu and geochemical distribution of the target PTEs. The three extraction methods were almost equally efficient, while SEE required less energy and UAE needed shortened contact time compared with CMS. Conclusion: Based on the above results, SEE and UAE are promising alternatives to CMS for cleaning up PTEs-contaminated soils.
AB - Purpose: Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-enhanced soil washing is an important technique of removing potentially toxic elements (PTEs) from contaminated soils. Conventional mechanical shaking (CMS) method is widely adopted in soil washing. However, it consumes a considerable amount of time and energy. Extraction methods which need less contact time or power, such as static equilibrium extraction (SEE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), are potential to replace CMS in industrial application. Methods: The washing process of the soil from a contaminated site was optimized by investigating various extraction conditions, including EDTA concentration, contact time, and different extraction methods, such as CMS, SEE, and UAE, in this study. Results: The results indicated that EDTA greatly enhanced the removal of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) from the soil. The EDTA was more effective in removing Pb and Cu than Cd and Zn, regardless of the extraction method. This might be mainly attributed to the strong complexation capacity of EDTA with Pb and Cu and geochemical distribution of the target PTEs. The three extraction methods were almost equally efficient, while SEE required less energy and UAE needed shortened contact time compared with CMS. Conclusion: Based on the above results, SEE and UAE are promising alternatives to CMS for cleaning up PTEs-contaminated soils.
KW - Chelant
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Soil washing
KW - Static equilibrium extraction
KW - Ultrasound-assisted extraction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085887602&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11368-020-02678-0
DO - 10.1007/s11368-020-02678-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85085887602
SN - 1439-0108
VL - 20
SP - 3417
EP - 3426
JO - Journal of Soils and Sediments
JF - Journal of Soils and Sediments
IS - 9
ER -