Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants

Zhaoheng Ling; Mohamad Insan Nugraha; Wisnu Tantyo Hadmojo; Yuanbao Lin; Sang Young Jeong; Emre Yengel; Hendrik Faber; Hua Tang; Frédéric Laquai; Abdul Hamid Emwas; Xiaoming Chang; Temur Maksudov; Murali Gedda; Han Young Woo; Iain McCulloch; Martin Heeney; Leonidas Tsetseris; Thomas D. Anthopoulos

doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254

Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants

Zhaoheng Ling, Mohamad Insan Nugraha, Wisnu Tantyo Hadmojo, Yuanbao Lin, Sang Young Jeong, Emre Yengel, Hendrik Faber, Hua Tang, Frédéric Laquai, Abdul Hamid Emwas, Xiaoming Chang, Temur Maksudov, Murali Gedda, Han Young Woo, Iain McCulloch, Martin Heeney, Leonidas Tsetseris, Thomas D. Anthopoulos

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

26 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Molecular doping has become a valuable technique for enhancing the efficiency of high-performance organic photovoltaic systems (OPVs). However, the number of known dopant molecules, especially n-type ones, that enhance the PCE of OPVs remains limited. In this study, two n-type dopants, ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl viologen (MV), are synthesized and incorporated into ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:PC₇₁BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs. Both dopants are found to enhance the OPV performance, yielding maximum PCE values of 19.03% and 18.61%, respectively. We show that EV and MV function as n-type dopants and microstructure modifiers, enhancing π-π stacking while increasing the absorption coefficient of the BHJs. Moreover, the n-doping balances the carrier mobility while increasing the carrier lifetime and reducing bimolecular recombination. Our results demonstrate the potential of EV and MV to improve the performance of highly efficient OPVs to levels beyond those achievable by the pristine BHJ.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	4104-4112
Number of pages	9
Journal	ACS Energy Letters
Volume	8
Issue number	10
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254
Publication status	Published - 2023 Oct 13

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 American Chemical Society.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
Fuel Technology
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Materials Chemistry

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254

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Ling, Z., Nugraha, M. I., Hadmojo, W. T., Lin, Y., Jeong, S. Y., Yengel, E., Faber, H., Tang, H., Laquai, F., Emwas, A. H., Chang, X., Maksudov, T., Gedda, M., Woo, H. Y., McCulloch, I., Heeney, M., Tsetseris, L., & Anthopoulos, T. D. (2023). Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants. ACS Energy Letters, 8(10), 4104-4112. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254

Ling, Z, Nugraha, MI, Hadmojo, WT, Lin, Y, Jeong, SY, Yengel, E, Faber, H, Tang, H, Laquai, F, Emwas, AH, Chang, X, Maksudov, T, Gedda, M, Woo, HY, McCulloch, I, Heeney, M, Tsetseris, L & Anthopoulos, TD 2023, 'Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants', ACS Energy Letters, vol. 8, no. 10, pp. 4104-4112. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.3c01254

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abstract = "Molecular doping has become a valuable technique for enhancing the efficiency of high-performance organic photovoltaic systems (OPVs). However, the number of known dopant molecules, especially n-type ones, that enhance the PCE of OPVs remains limited. In this study, two n-type dopants, ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl viologen (MV), are synthesized and incorporated into ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs. Both dopants are found to enhance the OPV performance, yielding maximum PCE values of 19.03% and 18.61%, respectively. We show that EV and MV function as n-type dopants and microstructure modifiers, enhancing π-π stacking while increasing the absorption coefficient of the BHJs. Moreover, the n-doping balances the carrier mobility while increasing the carrier lifetime and reducing bimolecular recombination. Our results demonstrate the potential of EV and MV to improve the performance of highly efficient OPVs to levels beyond those achievable by the pristine BHJ.",

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AU - Nugraha, Mohamad Insan

AU - Hadmojo, Wisnu Tantyo

AU - Lin, Yuanbao

AU - Jeong, Sang Young

AU - Yengel, Emre

AU - Faber, Hendrik

AU - Tang, Hua

AU - Laquai, Frédéric

AU - Emwas, Abdul Hamid

AU - Chang, Xiaoming

AU - Maksudov, Temur

AU - Gedda, Murali

AU - Woo, Han Young

AU - McCulloch, Iain

AU - Heeney, Martin

AU - Tsetseris, Leonidas

AU - Anthopoulos, Thomas D.

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N2 - Molecular doping has become a valuable technique for enhancing the efficiency of high-performance organic photovoltaic systems (OPVs). However, the number of known dopant molecules, especially n-type ones, that enhance the PCE of OPVs remains limited. In this study, two n-type dopants, ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl viologen (MV), are synthesized and incorporated into ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs. Both dopants are found to enhance the OPV performance, yielding maximum PCE values of 19.03% and 18.61%, respectively. We show that EV and MV function as n-type dopants and microstructure modifiers, enhancing π-π stacking while increasing the absorption coefficient of the BHJs. Moreover, the n-doping balances the carrier mobility while increasing the carrier lifetime and reducing bimolecular recombination. Our results demonstrate the potential of EV and MV to improve the performance of highly efficient OPVs to levels beyond those achievable by the pristine BHJ.

AB - Molecular doping has become a valuable technique for enhancing the efficiency of high-performance organic photovoltaic systems (OPVs). However, the number of known dopant molecules, especially n-type ones, that enhance the PCE of OPVs remains limited. In this study, two n-type dopants, ethyl viologen (EV) and methyl viologen (MV), are synthesized and incorporated into ternary PM6:BTP-eC9:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPVs. Both dopants are found to enhance the OPV performance, yielding maximum PCE values of 19.03% and 18.61%, respectively. We show that EV and MV function as n-type dopants and microstructure modifiers, enhancing π-π stacking while increasing the absorption coefficient of the BHJs. Moreover, the n-doping balances the carrier mobility while increasing the carrier lifetime and reducing bimolecular recombination. Our results demonstrate the potential of EV and MV to improve the performance of highly efficient OPVs to levels beyond those achievable by the pristine BHJ.

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Over 19% Efficiency in Ternary Organic Solar Cells Enabled by n-Type Dopants

Abstract

Bibliographical note

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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