TY - JOUR
T1 - Particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace-element uptake by aquatic and terrestrial organisms and human health risk
AU - Bradney, Lauren
AU - Wijesekara, Hasintha
AU - Palansooriya, Kumuduni Niroshika
AU - Obadamudalige, Nadeeka
AU - Bolan, Nanthi S.
AU - Ok, Yong Sik
AU - Rinklebe, Jörg
AU - Kim, Ki Hyun
AU - Kirkham, M. B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to thank Mrs. Jenny Zobec and Dr. Yun Lin from the Electron Microscope and X-Ray Unit (EMX), the University of Newcastle, Australia, for their support for the SEM-EDX analysis. We would like to thank Dr. Logeshwaran Panneerselvan, The University of Newcastle, Australia, for supporting the growth of the Daphnia manga involved experiments. This work was partially supported by the Australian Research Council Discovery project ( DP140100323 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 The Authors
PY - 2019/10
Y1 - 2019/10
N2 - Particulate plastics in the terrestrial and aquatic environments are small plastic fragments or beads (i.e., 5 mm down to the nanometre range). They have been frequently referred to as ‘micro-plastics’ or ‘nano-plastics’. Research has identified particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace elements in the environment. The adsorption of toxic trace elements by particulate plastics may be facilitated by their high surface area and functionalized surfaces (e.g., through the attachment of natural organic matter). Other factors, such as environmental conditions (e.g., pH and water salinity), surface charge, and trace element oxidation status, also influence the adsorption of trace elements onto particulate plastics. Because of their small size and persistence, particulate plastics and the associated toxic trace elements are readily ingested and accumulated in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, these plastics can have severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity, within aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Humans could also become exposed to particulate plastics through food chain contamination and airborne ingestion. This review provides an overview of the sources of particulate plastics in the environment. To this end, we describe particulate plastics made of synthetic polymers, their origin, and characteristics with emphasis on how particulate plastics and associated toxic trace elements contaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Future research needs and strategies are discussed to help reduce the environmental risks of particulate plastics as a potent vector for the transportation of toxic trace elements.
AB - Particulate plastics in the terrestrial and aquatic environments are small plastic fragments or beads (i.e., 5 mm down to the nanometre range). They have been frequently referred to as ‘micro-plastics’ or ‘nano-plastics’. Research has identified particulate plastics as a vector for toxic trace elements in the environment. The adsorption of toxic trace elements by particulate plastics may be facilitated by their high surface area and functionalized surfaces (e.g., through the attachment of natural organic matter). Other factors, such as environmental conditions (e.g., pH and water salinity), surface charge, and trace element oxidation status, also influence the adsorption of trace elements onto particulate plastics. Because of their small size and persistence, particulate plastics and the associated toxic trace elements are readily ingested and accumulated in many terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Thus, these plastics can have severe environmental consequences, such as the development of metal toxicity, within aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Humans could also become exposed to particulate plastics through food chain contamination and airborne ingestion. This review provides an overview of the sources of particulate plastics in the environment. To this end, we describe particulate plastics made of synthetic polymers, their origin, and characteristics with emphasis on how particulate plastics and associated toxic trace elements contaminate terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Future research needs and strategies are discussed to help reduce the environmental risks of particulate plastics as a potent vector for the transportation of toxic trace elements.
KW - Ecotoxicity
KW - Heavy metals
KW - Microbeads
KW - Microplastics
KW - Toxicity-vector
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85068392879&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104937
DO - 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104937
M3 - Review article
C2 - 31284110
AN - SCOPUS:85068392879
SN - 0160-4120
VL - 131
JO - Environment International
JF - Environment International
M1 - 104937
ER -