TY - JOUR
T1 - Pendimethalin induces apoptosis in testicular cells via hampering ER-mitochondrial function and autophagy
AU - Ham, Jiyeon
AU - Lim, Whasun
AU - Song, Gwonhwa
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (grant number: 2018R1C1B6009048 ) and suppported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Minisry of Education (grant number: 2020R1A6A3A13074214 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/6/1
Y1 - 2021/6/1
N2 - Pendimethalin (PDM) is a dinitroaniline crop pesticide that is extensively utilized worldwide. However, the reproductive toxicity and cellular mechanisms of PDM have not been identified. Therefore, we elucidated the adverse effects of PDM on the reproductive system using mouse testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells (TM3 and TM4 cells, respectively). Our results demonstrated that PDM suppressed the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells. Additionally, PDM induced cytosolic calcium upregulation and permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential in both TM3 and TM4 cells. We also verified that PDM activates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and autophagy. Furthermore, we confirmed that activation of ER stress and autophagy were blocked by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) treatment. Finally, we confirmed PDM-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TM3 and TM4 cells. Thus, we first demonstrated that PDM impedes the survival of testis cells, and further, their function.
AB - Pendimethalin (PDM) is a dinitroaniline crop pesticide that is extensively utilized worldwide. However, the reproductive toxicity and cellular mechanisms of PDM have not been identified. Therefore, we elucidated the adverse effects of PDM on the reproductive system using mouse testicular Leydig and Sertoli cells (TM3 and TM4 cells, respectively). Our results demonstrated that PDM suppressed the viability and proliferation of TM3 and TM4 cells. Additionally, PDM induced cytosolic calcium upregulation and permeabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential in both TM3 and TM4 cells. We also verified that PDM activates the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway and autophagy. Furthermore, we confirmed that activation of ER stress and autophagy were blocked by 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) treatment. Finally, we confirmed PDM-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in TM3 and TM4 cells. Thus, we first demonstrated that PDM impedes the survival of testis cells, and further, their function.
KW - Autophagy
KW - ER stress
KW - Herbicides
KW - Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors
KW - Pendimethalin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85102132199&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116835
DO - 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116835
M3 - Article
C2 - 33706242
AN - SCOPUS:85102132199
SN - 0269-7491
VL - 278
JO - Environmental Pollution
JF - Environmental Pollution
M1 - 116835
ER -