TY - JOUR
T1 - Perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in breast milk from Korea
T2 - Time-course trends, influencing factors, and infant exposure
AU - Lee, Sunggyu
AU - Kim, Sunmi
AU - Park, Jeongim
AU - Kim, Hai Joong
AU - Choi, Gyuyeon
AU - Choi, Sooran
AU - Kim, Sungjoo
AU - Kim, Su Young
AU - Kim, Sungkyoon
AU - Choi, Kyungho
AU - Moon, Hyo Bang
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to express our gratitude to the participating mothers in the Children's Health and Environmental Chemicals in Korea (CHECK) Cohort for their great efforts in collecting breast milk samples. This study was supported by the Ministry of Environment (MoE) of Korea through the “Integrated Risk Assessment Method for EDCs (IRAM e , 1485014553 )” and “Developing Environmental Hazard and Exposure Assessment Platform for Integrated Risk Management of EDCs in Korea ( eco REA, 1485014467 )” programs. Appendix A
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/1/15
Y1 - 2018/1/15
N2 - Breastfeeding is an important exposure pathway to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for newborn infants. Nevertheless, reports are limited on the occurrence and time-course of PFASs in breast milk, and most studies have focused on the analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In this study, 16 PFASs were analyzed in breast milk samples (n = 293) collected from 128 mothers in Korea during various lactation periods to assess maternal exposure levels, contamination profiles, time-course variations, and infant health risks. The total concentrations of PFASs (ΣPFAS) ranged from 31.7 to 1004 (median: 188) ng/L, which was within the ranges recently reported for Asian and European populations. After a month of nursing, the concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and ΣPFAS significantly increased. This could be due to changes in the dietary and behavior patterns of the mothers after the first month of lactation. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were significantly correlated with maternal age, body mass index, and parity. Certain types of diet (e.g. consuming snacks and milk) and eating-out frequency were significantly associated with increasing levels of PFAS. Significant correlations and similar time-course trends were found between PFASs and PCBs/DDTs, implying similar exposure sources and biokinetics for these contaminants. The estimated daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA via the consumption of breast milk were below the tolerable daily intakes for infants suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
AB - Breastfeeding is an important exposure pathway to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) for newborn infants. Nevertheless, reports are limited on the occurrence and time-course of PFASs in breast milk, and most studies have focused on the analysis of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). In this study, 16 PFASs were analyzed in breast milk samples (n = 293) collected from 128 mothers in Korea during various lactation periods to assess maternal exposure levels, contamination profiles, time-course variations, and infant health risks. The total concentrations of PFASs (ΣPFAS) ranged from 31.7 to 1004 (median: 188) ng/L, which was within the ranges recently reported for Asian and European populations. After a month of nursing, the concentrations of PFOS, PFOA, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and ΣPFAS significantly increased. This could be due to changes in the dietary and behavior patterns of the mothers after the first month of lactation. The concentrations of PFOS and PFOA were significantly correlated with maternal age, body mass index, and parity. Certain types of diet (e.g. consuming snacks and milk) and eating-out frequency were significantly associated with increasing levels of PFAS. Significant correlations and similar time-course trends were found between PFASs and PCBs/DDTs, implying similar exposure sources and biokinetics for these contaminants. The estimated daily intakes of PFOS and PFOA via the consumption of breast milk were below the tolerable daily intakes for infants suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
KW - Lactation
KW - PFNA
KW - PFOA
KW - PFOS
KW - Tolerable daily intake
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85028503962&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.094
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.094
M3 - Article
C2 - 28865262
AN - SCOPUS:85028503962
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 612
SP - 286
EP - 292
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -
