@article{5e0af6ab5ecd4067beb69fb771625e99,
title = "Photoswitchable Microgels for Dynamic Macrophage Modulation",
abstract = "Dynamic manipulation of supramolecular self-assembled structures is achieved irreversibly or under non-physiological conditions, thereby limiting their biomedical, environmental, and catalysis applicability. In this study, microgels composed of azobenzene derivatives stacked via π–cation and π–π interactions are developed that are electrostatically stabilized with Arg–Gly–Asp (RGD)-bearing anionic polymers. Lateral swelling of RGD-bearing microgels occurs via cis-azobenzene formation mediated by near-infrared-light-upconverted ultraviolet light, which disrupts intermolecular interactions on the visible-light-absorbing upconversion-nanoparticle-coated materials. Real-time imaging and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the deswelling of RGD-bearing microgels via visible-light-mediated trans-azobenzene formation. Near-infrared light can induce in situ swelling of RGD-bearing microgels to increase RGD availability and trigger release of loaded interleukin-4, which facilitates the adhesion structure assembly linked with pro-regenerative polarization of host macrophages. In contrast, visible light can induce deswelling of RGD-bearing microgels to decrease RGD availability that suppresses macrophage adhesion that yields pro-inflammatory polarization. These microgels exhibit high stability and non-toxicity. Versatile use of ligands and protein delivery can offer cytocompatible and photoswitchable manipulability of diverse host cells.",
keywords = "dynamic hydrogels, macrophage adhesion, macrophage polarization, microgel swelling, photoswitchable microgels",
author = "Yuri Kim and Ramar Thangam and Jounghyun Yoo and Jeongyun Heo and Park, {Jung Yeon} and Nayeon Kang and Sungkyu Lee and Jiwon Yoon and Mun, {Kwang Rok} and Misun Kang and Sunhong Min and Kim, {Seong Yeol} and Subin Son and Jihwan Kim and Hyunsik Hong and Gunhyu Bae and Kanghyeon Kim and Sanghyeok Lee and Letao Yang and Lee, {Ja Yeon} and Jinjoo Kim and Steve Park and Kim, {Dong Hyun} and Lee, {Ki Bum} and Jang, {Woo Young} and Kim, {Bong Hoon} and Ramasamy Paulmurugan and Cho, {Seung Woo} and Song, {Hyun Cheol} and Kang, {Seok Ju} and Wujin Sun and Yangzhi Zhu and Junmin Lee and Kim, {Han Jun} and Jang, {Ho Seong} and Kim, {Jong Seung} and Ali Khademhosseini and Yongju Kim and Sehoon Kim and Heemin Kang",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1C1C1011038, 2021R1A2C2005418, 2022M3H4A1A03076638, and 2022R1A2C2005943). This work was also supported by a Korea University Grant and the KIST intramural program. HAADF-STEM was conducted with the support of the Seoul Center in Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). Animal experiments in this study were conducted after an approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Korea University (KOREA-2021-0006). Note: The formatting of the text Azo-C10-N+ in Section 2.1 (page 4 right column), 3 places, and Section 2.5 (page 11, left column), 1 place, was corrected after initial publication online. Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIT) (No. 2020R1C1C1011038, 2021R1A2C2005418, 2022M3H4A1A03076638, and 2022R1A2C2005943). This work was also supported by a Korea University Grant and the KIST intramural program. HAADF‐STEM was conducted with the support of the Seoul Center in Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI). Animal experiments in this study were conducted after an approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Korea University (KOREA‐2021‐0006). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
day = "8",
doi = "10.1002/adma.202205498",
language = "English",
volume = "34",
journal = "Advanced Materials",
issn = "0935-9648",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "49",
}