TY - JOUR
T1 - Pollution of airborne metallic species in Seoul, Korea from 1998 to 2010
AU - Ahmed, Ezaz
AU - Kim, Ki Hyun
AU - Kim, Jong Oh
AU - Park, Jai Koo
AU - Chambers, Scott
AU - Feng, Xinbin
AU - Sohn, Jong Ryeul
AU - Jeon, Eui Chan
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology (MEST) (No. 2009-0093848 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - A comprehensive analysis was made to characterize the long-term changes in concentration of seven key heavy metal species (iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd)) bound to total suspended particles (TSP) in Seoul, Korea, from 1998 to 2010. Their mean values over this period were: 1579 ± 652, 174 ± 54.3, 63.6 ± 8.60, 46.0 ± 15.2, 11.7 ± 9.58, 9.34 ± 8.87, and 1.78 ± 0.64 ng m-3, respectively. Most of the metals exhibited a strong seasonality with maxima in spring (Mn, Fe, and Ni), winter (Pb and Cd), or fall (Cr and Cu) but minima in summer. The most prominent reductions of 71.5% (Pb) and 91.1% (Cu) were seen from early in the study period (1999-2002) to the most recent year (2010). Despite many advances in air quality, these latest concentration values were still higher than in many Western cities. It is thus still desirable to reduce their levels even further to ensure air quality improvement in the coming years.
AB - A comprehensive analysis was made to characterize the long-term changes in concentration of seven key heavy metal species (iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd)) bound to total suspended particles (TSP) in Seoul, Korea, from 1998 to 2010. Their mean values over this period were: 1579 ± 652, 174 ± 54.3, 63.6 ± 8.60, 46.0 ± 15.2, 11.7 ± 9.58, 9.34 ± 8.87, and 1.78 ± 0.64 ng m-3, respectively. Most of the metals exhibited a strong seasonality with maxima in spring (Mn, Fe, and Ni), winter (Pb and Cd), or fall (Cr and Cu) but minima in summer. The most prominent reductions of 71.5% (Pb) and 91.1% (Cu) were seen from early in the study period (1999-2002) to the most recent year (2010). Despite many advances in air quality, these latest concentration values were still higher than in many Western cities. It is thus still desirable to reduce their levels even further to ensure air quality improvement in the coming years.
KW - Cadmium
KW - Heavy metal
KW - Lead
KW - Pollution
KW - Seoul
KW - Temporal
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84947733114&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.001
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.11.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84947733114
SN - 1352-2310
VL - 124
SP - 85
EP - 94
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
ER -
