Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in beverage and dairy products in South Korea: a risk characterization using the total diet study

Hoe Sung Kim, Jihyun Kim, Jisu Choi, Yujin Paik, Bokyung Moon, Yong Sung Joo, Kwang Won Lee

    Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

    12 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry in 115 dairy products and beverages, including alcoholic, grain, carbonated, and functional drinks; fruit and vegetable juices; coffee; and tea, purchased from 10 local city markets in South Korea. The sample groups were divided into non-fatty and fatty groups, pretreated with the ultrasound-assisted extraction method and saponification method, respectively. The limit of detection, limit of quantification, and accuracy were 0.038–0.185 μg/kg, 0.114–0.560 μg/kg, and 87.64–112.25%, respectively. The measurement uncertainty was ≤ 6.38% for eight PAHs (PAH8). PAH8 was detected in 41 of the 115 samples, ranging from 0.041 to 7.793 µg/kg. The risk assessment revealed that the margin of exposure for PAH8 ranged from 3.60 × 104 to 7.84 × 1011 in the mean intake groups and from 3.60 × 104 to 5.33 × 1011 in the P97.5 intake groups.

    Original languageEnglish
    Pages (from-to)989-1002
    Number of pages14
    JournalFood Science and Biotechnology
    Volume30
    Issue number7
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2021 Jul

    Bibliographical note

    Funding Information:
    This research was supported by a Grant (18162MFDS053-4) from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in 2019 and the School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology of Korea University for BK21PLUS.

    Funding Information:
    The authors thank the School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology of Korea University for BK21 PLUS for institutional support and the Institute of Biomedical Science & Food Safety, CJ-Korea University Food Safety Hall (Seoul, Republic of Korea), for providing equipment and facilities.

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2021, The Korean Society of Food Science and Technology.

    Keywords

    • GC/MS
    • Human exposure
    • Monitoring
    • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Biotechnology
    • Food Science
    • Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

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