Realizing the Electrode Engineering Significance Through Porous Organic Framework Materials for High-Capacity Aqueous Zn–Alkaline Battery

Energy storage technologies are eminently developed to address renewable energy utilization efficiently. Porous framework materials possess high surface area and pore volume, allowing for efficient ion transportation and storage. Their unique structure facilitates fast electron transfer, leading to improved battery kinetics. Porous organic framework materials like metal–organic (MOF) and covalent organic (COF) frameworks have immense potential in enhancing the charge/discharge performances of aqueous Zn–alkaline batteries. Organic frameworks and their derivatives can be modified feasibly to exhibit significant chemical stability, enabling them to tolerate the harsh battery environment. Zn–alkaline batteries can achieve enhanced energy density, longer lifespan, and improved rechargeability by incorporating MOFs and COFs, such as electrodes, separators, or electrolyte additives, into the battery architecture. The present review highlights the significant electrode design strategies based on porous framework materials for aqueous Zn–alkaline batteries, such as Zn–Ni, Zn–Mn, Zn–air, and Zn–N₂/NO₃ batteries. Besides, the discussion on the issues faced by the Zn anode and the essential anode design strategies to solve the issues are also included.