Reduced in-plane swelling of Nafion by a biaxial modification process

Engineering & Materials Science

• Swelling 96%
• Fuel cells 77%
• Membranes 72%
• Shape memory effect 56%
• Atmospheric humidity 30%
• Proton conductivity 28%
• Polymers 25%
• X ray diffraction analysis 21%
• Crystallinity 20%
• Water 18%
• Drying 16%
• Acids 15%
• Elastic moduli 14%
• Durability 13%
• Tensile strength 13%

Physics & Astronomy

• fuel cells 100%
• swelling 88%
• membranes 63%
• humidity 34%
• polymers 20%
• water 19%
• durability 18%
• drying 17%
• tensile strength 16%
• acids 15%
• crystallinity 15%
• modulus of elasticity 13%
• life (durability) 11%
• cycles 11%
• conductivity 11%
• protons 11%
• diffraction 9%
• x rays 7%

Chemical Compounds

• Shape Memory Effect 93%
• Modification 48%
• Humidity 38%
• Young Modulus 31%
• Tensile Strength 18%
• Plate Like Crystal 17%
• Crystallinity 16%
• Conductivity 14%
• Proton 14%
• X-Ray Diffraction 10%
• Acid 7%