@article{b1e82a19f24f494b9dcc8de71d54c74d,
title = "Reducing Carrier Density in Formamidinium Tin Perovskites and Its Beneficial Effects on Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells",
abstract = "In Sn-based halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the oxidation of Sn2+ to Sn4+ under ambient air leads to unwanted p-type doping in the perovskite film, which is a main reason for increased background carrier density and low efficiency. Here, we find that the introduction of bromide into formamidinium tin iodide (CH(NH2)2SnI3, FASnI3) lattice significantly lowers the carrier density of perovskite absorber, which is thought to be a result of reduction of Sn vacancies. It reduces the leakage current of devices, increases recombination lifetime, and finally improves open-circuit voltage and fill factor of the resulting devices employing mesoporous TiO2 as an electron transport layer. Consequently, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.5% is achieved with an average PCE of 5%, and after encapsulation the devices are highly stable over 1000 h under continuous one sun illumination including the ultraviolet region. This study suggests a simple approach for improving stability and efficiency in FASnI3-based PSCs.",
author = "Lee, {Seon Joo} and Shin, {Seong Sik} and Jino Im and Ahn, {Tae Kyu} and Noh, {Jun Hong} and Jeon, {Nam Joong} and Seok, {Sang Il} and Jangwon Seo",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Republic of Korea (KK1702-A01); the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20163010012470); and Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System funded by the National Research Foundation under the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning, Korea (NRF-2016M3A6A7945503). This work was also supported by the KRICT-SKKU DRC program. Funding Information: This work was supported by a grant from the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Republic of Korea (KK1702-A01); the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20163010012470); and Global Frontier R&D Program on Center for Multiscale Energy System funded by the National Research Foundation under the Ministry of Science ICT & Future Planning, Korea (NRF-2016M3A6A7945503). This work was also supported by the KRICT-SKKU DRC program. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 American Chemical Society.",
year = "2018",
month = jan,
day = "12",
doi = "10.1021/acsenergylett.7b00976",
language = "English",
volume = "3",
pages = "46--53",
journal = "ACS Energy Letters",
issn = "2380-8195",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "1",
}
