TY - JOUR
T1 - Renewable epoxy thermosets with extremely high biomass content from furan derivatives and their flame retardancy
AU - Park, Hee Woong
AU - Toan, Mai
AU - Kim, Hyung Jun
AU - Lee, Jung Hyun
AU - Shin, Seunghan
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Fundamental R&D Program for Core Technology of Materials (project no.10076899) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy (MOTIE, Republic of Korea).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 The Korean Society of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
PY - 2020/12/25
Y1 - 2020/12/25
N2 - As renewable thermosets, a furan-based epoxy resin, 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranylmethoxy)methyl] furan (BOF), and a furan-based amine curing agent, difurfuryl diamine (DFDA), were synthesized using 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) and furfurylamine (FFAM), respectively. A novel phosphorus-containing, furan-based, flame-retardant epoxy (PFFE) was also synthesized using HMF, FFAM and diethylphosphite to improve the flame retardancy of BOF. PFFE had high biomass content and improved the flame retardancy of BOF because PFFE had both furan and phosphorous groups in its molecular structure. To observe the changes in the physical properties following the addition of PFFE, BOF and PFFE mixtures (BOF/PFFE), BOF, and a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were cured with DFDA, and their thermal, mechanical, and flame retardancy properties were measured and compared. The glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, and tensile strength of the (BOF/PFFE)-DFDA system were enhanced with increased amounts of PFFE. The BOF/PFFE mixture resin (1:1 by wt.) showed comparable tensile strength to DGEBA and had a higher tensile modulus due to the effect of increased crosslinking density and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Owing to the furan and phosphorus groups, (BOF/PFFE)-DFDA showed remarkably improved flame retardancy by reducing the release of total heat, the rate of heat release, and the spread of fire.
AB - As renewable thermosets, a furan-based epoxy resin, 2,5-bis[(2-oxiranylmethoxy)methyl] furan (BOF), and a furan-based amine curing agent, difurfuryl diamine (DFDA), were synthesized using 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) and furfurylamine (FFAM), respectively. A novel phosphorus-containing, furan-based, flame-retardant epoxy (PFFE) was also synthesized using HMF, FFAM and diethylphosphite to improve the flame retardancy of BOF. PFFE had high biomass content and improved the flame retardancy of BOF because PFFE had both furan and phosphorous groups in its molecular structure. To observe the changes in the physical properties following the addition of PFFE, BOF and PFFE mixtures (BOF/PFFE), BOF, and a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) were cured with DFDA, and their thermal, mechanical, and flame retardancy properties were measured and compared. The glass transition temperature, crosslinking density, and tensile strength of the (BOF/PFFE)-DFDA system were enhanced with increased amounts of PFFE. The BOF/PFFE mixture resin (1:1 by wt.) showed comparable tensile strength to DGEBA and had a higher tensile modulus due to the effect of increased crosslinking density and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Owing to the furan and phosphorus groups, (BOF/PFFE)-DFDA showed remarkably improved flame retardancy by reducing the release of total heat, the rate of heat release, and the spread of fire.
KW - Biomass
KW - Epoxy
KW - Flame retardancy
KW - Furan
KW - Phosphorus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85091510554&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.003
DO - 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.09.003
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85091510554
SN - 1226-086X
VL - 92
SP - 184
EP - 190
JO - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
JF - Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
ER -