Repeated batch methanol production from a simulated biogas mixture using immobilized Methylocystis bryophila

In this study, biological methanol production under repeated batch conditions by immobilized Methylocystis bryophila, using simulated biogas of methane (CH₄) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) as a feed is demonstrated for the first time. The composition of the simulated gas mixtures significantly influenced methanol production by M. bryophila, and in all cases, higher concentrations were achieved than with pure CH₄ alone. Under optimum conditions, maximum methanol concentrations of 4.88 mmol L⁻¹, 7.47 mmol L⁻¹, and 7.02 mmol L⁻¹ were achieved using the gas mixtures CH₄:CO₂ (2:1 ratio), CH₄:hydrogen [H₂, (4:1 ratio)], and CH₄:CO₂:H₂ (6:3:2 ratio), respectively, as feed, with a fixed CH₄ concentration of 30%. Methanol yield was increased to 7.85 mmol L⁻¹ using covalently immobilized cells and the simulated gas mixture CH₄:CO₂:H₂ (6:3:2 ratio). Under repeated batch conditions, immobilized cells produced a significantly higher cumulative methanol concentration (25.75 mmol L⁻¹) than free cells (15.50 mmol L⁻¹), using a simulated biogas mixture of CH₄:CO₂ (2:1) and eight reuse cycles, suggesting that this mixture can potentially be utilized as a feed for the production of methanol. Furthermore, the effective utilization of low-cost feedstock, derived from natural sources, containing gas mixtures of CH₄:CO₂, CH₄:H₂, or CH₄:CO₂:H₂, constitute an economical and environmentally friendly approach to the reduction of greenhouse gases.