Role of selenoproteins in redox regulation of signaling and the antioxidant system: A review

Ying Zhang, Yeon Jin Roh, Seong Jeong Han, Iha Park, Hae Min Lee, Yong Sik Ok, Byung Cheon Lee, Seung Rock Lee

    Research output: Contribution to journalReview articlepeer-review

    172 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    Selenium is a vital trace element present as selenocysteine (Sec) in proteins that are, thus, known as selenoproteins. Humans have 25 selenoproteins, most of which are functionally characterized as oxidoreductases, where the Sec residue plays a catalytic role in redox regulation and antioxidant activity. Glutathione peroxidase plays a pivotal role in scavenging and inactivating hydrogen and lipid peroxides, whereas thioredoxin reductase reduces oxidized thioredoxins as well as non-disulfide substrates, such as lipid hydroperoxides and hydrogen peroxide. Selenoprotein R protects the cell against oxidative damage by reducing methionine-R-sulfoxide back to methionine. Selenoprotein O regulates redox homeostasis with catalytic activity of protein AMPylation. Moreover, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane selenoproteins (SelI, K, N, S, and Sel15) are involved in ER membrane stress regulation. Selenoproteins containing the CXXU motif (SelH, M, T, V, and W) are putative oxidoreductases that participate in various cellular processes depending on redox regulation. Herein, we review the recent studies on the role of selenoproteins in redox regulation and their physiological functions in humans, as well as their role in various diseases.

    Original languageEnglish
    Article number383
    JournalAntioxidants
    Volume9
    Issue number5
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - 2020 May

    Bibliographical note

    Publisher Copyright:
    © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

    Keywords

    • Antioxidant
    • Oxidative stress
    • Redox homeostasis
    • Redox signaling
    • Selenoprotein

    ASJC Scopus subject areas

    • Biochemistry
    • Physiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Clinical Biochemistry
    • Cell Biology

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