Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Jung Wook Kim; Somin Kim; Yu Ra Jeong; Jaeik Kim; Dong Sik Kim; Kayeon Keum; Hanchan Lee; Jeong Sook Ha

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685

Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Jung Wook Kim, Somin Kim, Yu Ra Jeong, Jaeik Kim, Dong Sik Kim, Kayeon Keum, Hanchan Lee, Jeong Sook Ha

Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl₂, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

Original language	English
Article number	132685
Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal
Volume	430
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685
Publication status	Published - 2022 Feb 15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University.

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Motion display
Multiple crosslink network
Planar electrochromic device
Self-healing strain sensor
Self-healing stretchable hydrogel

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Chemistry(all)
Environmental Chemistry
Chemical Engineering(all)
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685

Cite this

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title = "Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel",

abstract = "Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.",

keywords = "Motion display, Multiple crosslink network, Planar electrochromic device, Self-healing strain sensor, Self-healing stretchable hydrogel",

author = "Kim, {Jung Wook} and Somin Kim and Jeong, {Yu Ra} and Jaeik Kim and Kim, {Dong Sik} and Kayeon Keum and Hanchan Lee and Ha, {Jeong Sook}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

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doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685",

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AU - Kim, Jung Wook

AU - Kim, Somin

AU - Jeong, Yu Ra

AU - Kim, Jaeik

AU - Kim, Dong Sik

AU - Keum, Kayeon

AU - Lee, Hanchan

AU - Ha, Jeong Sook

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/2/15

Y1 - 2022/2/15

N2 - Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

AB - Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

KW - Motion display

KW - Multiple crosslink network

KW - Planar electrochromic device

KW - Self-healing strain sensor

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Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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