Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Jung Wook Kim; Somin Kim; Yu Ra Jeong; Jaeik Kim; Dong Sik Kim; Kayeon Keum; Hanchan Lee; Jeong Sook Ha

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685

Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Jung Wook Kim
, Somin Kim
, Yu Ra Jeong
, Jaeik Kim
, Dong Sik Kim
, Kayeon Keum
, Hanchan Lee
, Jeong Sook Ha^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

77 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl₂, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

Original language	English
Article number	132685
Journal	Chemical Engineering Journal
Volume	430
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685
Publication status	Published - 2022 Feb 15

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University.

Funding Information:
This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.

Keywords

Motion display
Multiple crosslink network
Planar electrochromic device
Self-healing strain sensor
Self-healing stretchable hydrogel

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Chemistry
Environmental Chemistry
General Chemical Engineering
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685

Cite this

@article{145c09adbf9c493688b39df720b2d06c,

title = "Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel",

abstract = "Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000\% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5\% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100\%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1\% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.",

keywords = "Motion display, Multiple crosslink network, Planar electrochromic device, Self-healing strain sensor, Self-healing stretchable hydrogel",

author = "Kim, \{Jung Wook\} and Somin Kim and Jeong, \{Yu Ra\} and Jaeik Kim and Kim, \{Dong Sik\} and Kayeon Keum and Hanchan Lee and Ha, \{Jeong Sook\}",

note = "Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier B.V.",

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day = "15",

doi = "10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685",

language = "English",

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AU - Kim, Jung Wook

AU - Kim, Somin

AU - Jeong, Yu Ra

AU - Kim, Jaeik

AU - Kim, Dong Sik

AU - Keum, Kayeon

AU - Lee, Hanchan

AU - Ha, Jeong Sook

N1 - Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545 ). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Funding Information: This study was supported by a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (Grant No. NRF-2019R1A2B5B03069545). The authors thank the KU-KIST Graduate School Program of Korea University. Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/2/15

Y1 - 2022/2/15

N2 - Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

AB - Stretchable electronic devices with self-healing functions that can improve durability are highly recommended as next-generation personal instruments for economic and sustainable society. Here, we report a fabrication of self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel (MCNH) consisting of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains. After optimizing the mechanical and self-healing properties of the hydrogel with variation of the chemical crosslinker, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, and the ionic crosslinker CaCl2, an extreme mechanical stretchability of up to 2000% strain and shape recovery, and a self-healing efficiency of 83.5% after 8 h at room temperature are obtained. The MCNH-based strain sensor exhibits a fast and linear resistance response with a coefficient of determination of 0.997 over a wide strain range of 100%. The strain sensitivity of the hydrogel remains stable even after 10 repeated self-healing cycles at a single location. As a display application, a novel two-dimensional electrochromic device is fabricated using a hydrogel without depositing an electrochromic material (ECM) on the electrode. ECM-containing gel electrolyte exhibits electrochromic properties through the migration of ions to the electrodes. Coloration/discoloration occurs at a potential bias of 1.7 V with a transmittance change of 76.1% at 547 nm through the chemical oxidation/reduction of ethyl viologen ions in the hydrogel matrix. An integrated system comprising a self-healing strain sensor and an ECD attached to the skin is demonstrated to visually express the applied strain due to finger bending, aided by an external circuit. Such a strain-responsive ECD system preserves a stable performance with the self-healed sensor after a complete bisection. These results suggest the potential application of our newly synthesized hydrogel to various skin-attachable self-healing, and stretchable devices with high durability.

KW - Motion display

KW - Multiple crosslink network

KW - Planar electrochromic device

KW - Self-healing strain sensor

KW - Self-healing stretchable hydrogel

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DO - 10.1016/j.cej.2021.132685

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85116595682

SN - 1385-8947

VL - 430

JO - Chemical Engineering Journal

JF - Chemical Engineering Journal

M1 - 132685

ER -

Self-healing strain-responsive electrochromic display based on a multiple crosslinked network hydrogel

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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