Simplified Dynamic FEA Simulation for Post-Derailment Train-Behaviour Estimation through the Enhanced Input of Wheel–Ballast Friction Interactions

With the increasing demands for railway transportation, railway networks have expanded, leading to higher operating frequencies and speeds. However, this has also, in turn, increased the technical complexity of railway transportation systems. Derailment accidents, which occur frequently and have complex outcomes, are primary concerns in such systems. Particularly, derailments cause significant damage to adjacent areas, increasing their severity compared to other railway accidents. However, a majority of research on derailment accidents has focused on preventing or simulating specific situations, whereas the analysis of post-derailment train behaviour still requires improvements. This study aimed to predict post-derailment train behaviour using finite element analysis simulations of simplified train and track models using Korea as a case study; the key factors considered were the operating speed, derailment angle, and ground friction coefficient. Various accident cases in Korea were reviewed and compared with simulated results to verify the proposed model.