TY - JOUR
T1 - Slow injection of nefopam reduces pain intensity associated with intravenous injection
T2 - A prospective randomized trial
AU - Kim, Young Min
AU - Lim, Byung Gun
AU - Kim, Heezoo
AU - Kong, Myoung Hoon
AU - Lee, Mi Kyoung
AU - Lee, Il Ok
N1 - Funding Information:
This report was supported by a Korea University Grant to Dr. Lim.
PY - 2014/6
Y1 - 2014/6
N2 - Purpose: We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods: We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h, n = 34); B (120 ml/h, n = 34); or C (180 ml/h, n = 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded. Results: Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0-3 and VPS 0-1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.
AB - Purpose: We aimed to investigate the frequency and severity of pain associated with intravenous injection of nefopam and to determine whether a slow rate of administration can effectively reduce such pain. Methods: We used a solution containing 30 mg nefopam diluted to 20 ml in saline. In all, 102 adult patients undergoing minor surgery were randomly allocated to one of three administration groups: A (60 ml/h, n = 34); B (120 ml/h, n = 34); or C (180 ml/h, n = 34). All patients scored the maximal pain experienced during the 120-s infusion period, using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the verbal pain score (VPS). Adverse events including phlebitis were recorded. Results: Eighty-three patients (29 in group A, 27 each in groups B and C) were included in the final analysis. The incidence of injection pain was lower in group A (86.2 %) than in groups B (96.3 %) and C (100 %), but this difference was not statistically significant. The proportion of patients with a tolerable level of pain (VAS 0-3 and VPS 0-1) was significantly higher in group A (79.3 %) versus groups B (7.4 %) and C (3.7 %). The mean VAS scores for groups A, B, and C were 2.2 ± 1.3, 5.1 ± 1.6, and 7.2 ± 1.7, respectively, and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: At the slower rate of infusion (60 ml/h) of the 1.5 mg/ml nefopam solution, injection pain intensity was attenuated to a significantly greater degree than at the faster rates.
KW - Injection pain
KW - Intravenous injections
KW - Nefopam
KW - Visual analogue pain scale
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84903582275&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00540-013-1744-z
DO - 10.1007/s00540-013-1744-z
M3 - Article
C2 - 24201414
AN - SCOPUS:84903582275
SN - 0913-8668
VL - 28
SP - 399
EP - 406
JO - Journal of Anesthesia
JF - Journal of Anesthesia
IS - 3
ER -