Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers

Jong Hyuk Kim; Dong Joon Lee; Kyung Jin Lee; Byeong Kwon Ju; Hyun Cheol Koo; Byoung Chul Min; Ouk Jae Lee

doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24480-2

Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers

Jong Hyuk Kim, Dong Joon Lee, Kyung Jin Lee, Byeong Kwon Ju, Hyun Cheol Koo, Byoung Chul Min, Ouk Jae Lee

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Abstract

We investigate spin orbit torque (SOT) efficiencies and magnetic properties of Pt/GdFeCo/MgO multilayers by varying the thicknesses of GdFeCo and MgO layers. Our studies indicate that the ferrimagnetism in the GdFeCo alloy is considerably influenced by both thicknesses due to the diffusion of Gd atoms toward the MgO layer. Comparing to conventional Pt/ferromagnet/MgO structures, the Pt/GdFeCo/MgO exhibits a lower efficiency of SOTs associated with ferrimagnetic order and a similar magnitude of magnetic damping. The previous models that have been developed for rigid ferromagnets are inappropriate to analyze our experimental data, leading to an unphysical consequence of spin transmission larger than unity. Our results imply that the heavy-metal/ferrimagnet system is quite different from heavy-metal/ferromagnet systems in terms of magnetic dynamical modes, spin angular momentum transfer, and relaxation processes.

Original language	English
Article number	6017
Journal	Scientific reports
Volume	8
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24480-2
Publication status	Published - 2018 Dec 1

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title = "Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers",

abstract = "We investigate spin orbit torque (SOT) efficiencies and magnetic properties of Pt/GdFeCo/MgO multilayers by varying the thicknesses of GdFeCo and MgO layers. Our studies indicate that the ferrimagnetism in the GdFeCo alloy is considerably influenced by both thicknesses due to the diffusion of Gd atoms toward the MgO layer. Comparing to conventional Pt/ferromagnet/MgO structures, the Pt/GdFeCo/MgO exhibits a lower efficiency of SOTs associated with ferrimagnetic order and a similar magnitude of magnetic damping. The previous models that have been developed for rigid ferromagnets are inappropriate to analyze our experimental data, leading to an unphysical consequence of spin transmission larger than unity. Our results imply that the heavy-metal/ferrimagnet system is quite different from heavy-metal/ferromagnet systems in terms of magnetic dynamical modes, spin angular momentum transfer, and relaxation processes.",

author = "Kim, {Jong Hyuk} and Lee, {Dong Joon} and Lee, {Kyung Jin} and Ju, {Byeong Kwon} and Koo, {Hyun Cheol} and Min, {Byoung Chul} and Lee, {Ouk Jae}",

note = "Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant (No. CAP-16-01-KIST) and the KIST Institutional Program (2E28190). K.-J.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [NRF-2017R1A2B2006119] and KU-KIST School Project. K. -J. L. acknowledges the KIST Institutional Program (Project No. 2V05750). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, The Author(s).",

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doi = "10.1038/s41598-018-24480-2",

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T1 - Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers

AU - Kim, Jong Hyuk

AU - Lee, Dong Joon

AU - Lee, Kyung Jin

AU - Ju, Byeong Kwon

AU - Koo, Hyun Cheol

AU - Min, Byoung Chul

AU - Lee, Ouk Jae

N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by the National Research Council of Science & Technology (NST) grant (No. CAP-16-01-KIST) and the KIST Institutional Program (2E28190). K.-J.L. was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) [NRF-2017R1A2B2006119] and KU-KIST School Project. K. -J. L. acknowledges the KIST Institutional Program (Project No. 2V05750). Publisher Copyright: © 2018, The Author(s).

PY - 2018/12/1

Y1 - 2018/12/1

N2 - We investigate spin orbit torque (SOT) efficiencies and magnetic properties of Pt/GdFeCo/MgO multilayers by varying the thicknesses of GdFeCo and MgO layers. Our studies indicate that the ferrimagnetism in the GdFeCo alloy is considerably influenced by both thicknesses due to the diffusion of Gd atoms toward the MgO layer. Comparing to conventional Pt/ferromagnet/MgO structures, the Pt/GdFeCo/MgO exhibits a lower efficiency of SOTs associated with ferrimagnetic order and a similar magnitude of magnetic damping. The previous models that have been developed for rigid ferromagnets are inappropriate to analyze our experimental data, leading to an unphysical consequence of spin transmission larger than unity. Our results imply that the heavy-metal/ferrimagnet system is quite different from heavy-metal/ferromagnet systems in terms of magnetic dynamical modes, spin angular momentum transfer, and relaxation processes.

AB - We investigate spin orbit torque (SOT) efficiencies and magnetic properties of Pt/GdFeCo/MgO multilayers by varying the thicknesses of GdFeCo and MgO layers. Our studies indicate that the ferrimagnetism in the GdFeCo alloy is considerably influenced by both thicknesses due to the diffusion of Gd atoms toward the MgO layer. Comparing to conventional Pt/ferromagnet/MgO structures, the Pt/GdFeCo/MgO exhibits a lower efficiency of SOTs associated with ferrimagnetic order and a similar magnitude of magnetic damping. The previous models that have been developed for rigid ferromagnets are inappropriate to analyze our experimental data, leading to an unphysical consequence of spin transmission larger than unity. Our results imply that the heavy-metal/ferrimagnet system is quite different from heavy-metal/ferromagnet systems in terms of magnetic dynamical modes, spin angular momentum transfer, and relaxation processes.

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Spin-orbit torques associated with ferrimagnetic order in Pt/GdFeCo/MgO layers

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