Abstract
A stabilization/solidification treatment scheme was devised to stabilize Pb and Cu contaminated soil from a firing range using renewable waste resources as additives, namely waste oyster shells (WOS) and fly ash (FA). The WOS, serving as the primary stabilizing agent, was pre-treated at a high temperature to activate quicklime from calcite. Class C FA was used as a secondary additive along with the calcined oyster shells (COS). The effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated by means of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and the 0.1 M HCl extraction tests following a curing period of 28 days. The combined treatment with 10 wt% COS and 5 wt% FA cause a significant reduction in Pb (>98 %) and Cu (>96 %) leachability which was indicated by the results from both extraction tests (TCLP and 0.1 M HCl). Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) analyses are used to investigate the mechanism responsible for Pb and Cu stabilization. SEM-EDX results indicate that effective Pb and Cu immobilization using the combined COS-FA treatment is most probably associated with ettringite and pozzolanic reaction products. The treatment results suggest that the combined COS-FA treatment is a cost effective method for the stabilization of firing range soil.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 705-714 |
Number of pages | 10 |
Journal | Environmental geochemistry and health |
Volume | 35 |
Issue number | 6 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2013 Dec |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:Acknowledgments This research is financially supported by Republic of Korea Ministry of Environment as ‘‘Green Remediation Research Center for Organic–Inorganic Combined Contamination (The GAIA Project-2012000550001)’’.
Keywords
- Copper
- Fly ash
- Lead
- Oyster shell
- Stabilization
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Environmental Engineering
- Environmental Chemistry
- Water Science and Technology
- General Environmental Science
- Geochemistry and Petrology