Stimulated Raman-induced beam focusing

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Abstract

Stimulated Raman scattering, employing a pump and a Stokes beam, exhibits itself through both the Raman loss observed in the pump beam and the Raman gain in the Stokes beam. This phenomenon finds application in spectroscopy for chemical analyses and microscopy for label-free bioimaging studies. Recent efforts have been made to implement super-resolution Raman microscopy using a doughnut-shaped pump, Stokes, or depletion beam. In this study, it is shown that the amplitude and phase of the pump or Stokes beam undergo significant modulation through the stimulated Raman process when they are configured as one of the higher-order Laguerre-Gauss modes, achieved using appropriate spiral phase plates or spatial light modulators. The resulting intensity distributions of the pump and Stokes beams are determined by a superposition of multiple Laguerre-Gauss modes that are coupled through nonlinear Raman gain and loss processes. Calculation results are used to elucidate the limitations associated with super-resolution coherent Raman imaging with a toroidal pump or Stokes beam. This stands in contrast with the stimulated emission depletion fluorescence microscopy technique, which has no fundamental limit in the spatial resolution enhancement.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)26537-26560
Number of pages24
JournalOptics Express
Volume32
Issue number15
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2024 Jul 15

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 Optica Publishing Group under the terms of the Optica Open Access Publishing Agreement.

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics

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