Abstract
The crude polysaccharide (KPV-0) isolated from Korean persimmon vinegar was fractionated using gel filtration chromatography to enhance the immunostimulatory activity and to identify the structural features of active fraction. Among three fractions, KPV-I obtained in a void volume, demonstrated the potent production of macrophage-stimulating mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and nitric oxide. KPV-I showed a combined single peak with high molecular weight of 55,000 Da by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Component sugar analysis revealed that KPV-I contained mainly of arabinose, mannose, galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid. Single radial gel diffusion assay using β-glucosyl Yariv reagent showed that KPV-I contained arabinogalactan protein with 13.7%. Methylation analysis indicated that KPV-I contained 21 kinds of neutral glycosidic linkages, which seemed to be composed three kinds of polysaccharide; that is a rhamnogalacturonan-I (65–70%) derived from persimmon as a raw material, a mannan (20–25%) derived from fermentation-associated microorganisms, and a linear glucans (less than 10%). In conclusion, polysaccharide isolated from persimmon vinegar could augment the macrophage stimulation, and a large amounts of RG-I polysaccharide derived from persimmon is likely a crucial role in expression of the activity in persimmon vinegar.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 319-327 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | International Journal of Biological Macromolecules |
Volume | 89 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2016 Aug 1 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was supported by The Globalization of Korean Foods R&D Program of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food and Rural Affairs . Also, a part of this study was supported by a grant from the Korean Food Research Institute (2015). We express our sincere gratitude for their supports.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Macrophage stimulation
- Mannan
- Persimmon vinegar
- Polysaccharide
- Rhamnogalacturonan I
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Structural Biology
- Biochemistry
- Molecular Biology
- Economics and Econometrics
- General Energy