TY - JOUR
T1 - Sub-5 nm Nanodiamonds Fabricated by Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation as Fluorescent Probes
AU - Han, Sung Ju
AU - Seo, Min
AU - Cho, Min Gyeong
AU - Kwon, Young Wan
AU - Lim, Sang Ho
AU - Han, Seung Hee
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by the “Thin Film Solar Cell Technology for High-output Urban Power Distribution (Code No. 2E30150)” and “Development of Plasma Coating Technology to Replace Gun Barrel Chrome Plating (Code No. 2V08500)” programs of the Korea Institute of Science and Technology in the Republic of Korea.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021/2/26
Y1 - 2021/2/26
N2 - Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) contain nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers that emit photostable fluorescence in the wavelength range between 500 and 800 nm, which does not overlap with cellular autofluorescence. Also, the FNDs possess excellent biocompatibility. For this reason, they are promising fluorescent probes for background-free imaging for biomedical applications. The FNDs used in vivo, however, should be <10 nm for renal clearance. In this study, we introduce sub-5 nm nanodiamonds fabricated by mesh-assisted plasma immersion ion implantation as fluorescent probes for biomedical purposes. The FNDs generated with this process emitted bright fluorescence with their photoluminescence (PL) peaks centered at 620 nm. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed that the average diameter of the treated sample was <5 nm. Moreover, the electron paramagnetic resonance analysis results demonstrated that the 7.5 min ion-implanted FND sample contained twice as much NV- center concentration as the annealed, oxidized, and acid-cleaned detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs). Finally, the purity of samples was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and XRD data. This study opens an avenue toward sub-5 nm FNDs with promising applications as fluorescent probes in biomedicine.
AB - Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) contain nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers that emit photostable fluorescence in the wavelength range between 500 and 800 nm, which does not overlap with cellular autofluorescence. Also, the FNDs possess excellent biocompatibility. For this reason, they are promising fluorescent probes for background-free imaging for biomedical applications. The FNDs used in vivo, however, should be <10 nm for renal clearance. In this study, we introduce sub-5 nm nanodiamonds fabricated by mesh-assisted plasma immersion ion implantation as fluorescent probes for biomedical purposes. The FNDs generated with this process emitted bright fluorescence with their photoluminescence (PL) peaks centered at 620 nm. Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirmed that the average diameter of the treated sample was <5 nm. Moreover, the electron paramagnetic resonance analysis results demonstrated that the 7.5 min ion-implanted FND sample contained twice as much NV- center concentration as the annealed, oxidized, and acid-cleaned detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs). Finally, the purity of samples was confirmed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and XRD data. This study opens an avenue toward sub-5 nm FNDs with promising applications as fluorescent probes in biomedicine.
KW - detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs)
KW - fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs)
KW - fluorescent probes
KW - large-scale production of FNDs
KW - mesh-assisted PIII
KW - nitrogen vacancy center (NV center)
KW - plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII)
KW - sub-5 nm FNDs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85101031905&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1021/acsanm.1c00038
DO - 10.1021/acsanm.1c00038
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85101031905
SN - 2574-0970
VL - 4
SP - 2238
EP - 2246
JO - ACS Applied Nano Materials
JF - ACS Applied Nano Materials
IS - 2
ER -