Abstract
Highly efficient organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (OIHP-SCs) are often fabricated on a transparent conducting oxide (TCO) substrate such as indium tin oxide (ITO). However, the presence of TCOs is disadvantageous to the development of flexible OIHP-SCs due to the brittle nature of ITO which is easily breakable during bending. Herein, a flexible TCO-free OIHP-SC is demonstrated by using lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Li-TFSI) as a codopant for the single-layer graphene transparent conducting electrode and poly(triarylamine) hole-transporting material (HTM) on a flexible polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The optical and electrical properties of the Li-TFSI-doped graphene substrate are measured by controlling the doping amount and the best conditions for charge extraction are established at a doping concentration of 20 mm Li-TFSI, thus optimizing the device photovoltaic performance. As a result, a highest power conversion efficiency of 19.01% is demonstrated by the flexible TCO-free OIHP-SC devices with an active area of 1 cm2. In addition, the flexible TCO-free OIHP-SCs exhibit good bending stability after 5000 bending cycles at radii of 6, 4, and 2 mm and excellent light soaking stability under 1 Sun light intensity over 1000 h as opposed to the poor stability when using poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate as the HTM.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 2100733 |
| Journal | Solar RRL |
| Volume | 5 |
| Issue number | 12 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2021 Dec |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Basic Science Research Program (grant no. 2021R1A5A6002853), Nano‐Material Technology Development Program (grant no. 2017M3A7B4041696)), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) (grant no. 20183010013820)), and the Technology Innovation Program (grant no. 20012770; High Permeability Thermoplastic Elastomer for Solar Module) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE‐AC36‐08GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, the Manager and Operator of NREL. The authors acknowledge the support on devices fabrication and characterizations from the De‐Risking Halide Perovskite Solar Cells program of the National Center for Photovoltaics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) under the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (Basic Science Research Program (grant no. 2021R1A5A6002853), Nano-Material Technology Development Program (grant no. 2017M3A7B4041696)), the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy, Republic of Korea (New & Renewable Energy Core Technology Program of the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) (grant no. 20183010013820)), and the Technology Innovation Program (grant no. 20012770; High Permeability Thermoplastic Elastomer for Solar Module) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE, Korea). The work at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under contract no. DE-AC36-08GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC, the Manager and Operator of NREL. The authors acknowledge the support on devices fabrication and characterizations from the De-Risking Halide Perovskite Solar Cells program of the National Center for Photovoltaics, funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Energy Technologies Office. The views expressed in the article do not necessarily represent the views of the DOE or the U.S. Government.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
Keywords
- Li-TFSI-doped graphene electrodes
- TCO-free solar cells
- perovskite solar cells
- p–i–n structure
- super flexible solar cells
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology
- Electrical and Electronic Engineering
