Abstract
In this study, we conducted surface zwitterionization of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by immersing them in the zwitterionic polymer solutions to provide anti-bacterial properties to the HA surface. Three different monomers containing various zwitterionic groups, i.e., phosphorylcholine (PC), sulfobetaine (SB), and carboxybetaine (CB), were copolymerized with the methacrylic monomer containing a Ca 2+ -binding moiety, using the free radical polymerization method. As a control, functionalization of the copolymer containing the Ca 2+ -binding moiety was synthesized using a hydroxy group. The stable immobilization of the zwitterionic functional groups was confirmed by water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conducted after the sonication process. The zwitterionized HA surface showed significantly decreased protein adsorption, whereas the hydroxyl group-coated HA surface showed limited efficacy. The anti-bacterial adhesion property was confirmed by conducting Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion tests for 6 h and 24 h. When furanone C-30, a representative anti-quorum sensing molecule for S. mutans, was used, only a small amount of bacteria adhered after 6 h and the population did not increase after 24 h. In contrast, zwitterionized HA surfaces showed almost no bacterial adhesion after 6 h and the effect was retained for 24 h, resulting in the lowest level of oral bacterial adhesion. These results confirm that surface zwitterionization is a promising method to effectively prevent oral bacterial adhesion on HA-based materials.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 517-524 |
Number of pages | 8 |
Journal | Applied Surface Science |
Volume | 427 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2018 Jan 1 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF, 2015R1C1A1A01054022) and the Start-up Grant of Korea University(K1505081).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Keywords
- Anti-bacterial adhesion
- Anti-biofouling
- Anti-quorum sensing
- Hydroxyapatite
- Zwitterion
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Condensed Matter Physics
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Surfaces and Interfaces