TY - JOUR
T1 - Surface zwitterionization
T2 - Effective method for preventing oral bacterial biofilm formation on hydroxyapatite surfaces
AU - Lee, Myoungjin
AU - Kim, Heejin
AU - Seo, Jiae
AU - Kang, Minji
AU - Kang, Sunah
AU - Jang, Joomyung
AU - Lee, Yan
AU - Seo, Ji Hun
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF, 2015R1C1A1A01054022) and the Start-up Grant of Korea University(K1505081).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2018/1/1
Y1 - 2018/1/1
N2 - In this study, we conducted surface zwitterionization of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by immersing them in the zwitterionic polymer solutions to provide anti-bacterial properties to the HA surface. Three different monomers containing various zwitterionic groups, i.e., phosphorylcholine (PC), sulfobetaine (SB), and carboxybetaine (CB), were copolymerized with the methacrylic monomer containing a Ca 2+ -binding moiety, using the free radical polymerization method. As a control, functionalization of the copolymer containing the Ca 2+ -binding moiety was synthesized using a hydroxy group. The stable immobilization of the zwitterionic functional groups was confirmed by water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conducted after the sonication process. The zwitterionized HA surface showed significantly decreased protein adsorption, whereas the hydroxyl group-coated HA surface showed limited efficacy. The anti-bacterial adhesion property was confirmed by conducting Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion tests for 6 h and 24 h. When furanone C-30, a representative anti-quorum sensing molecule for S. mutans, was used, only a small amount of bacteria adhered after 6 h and the population did not increase after 24 h. In contrast, zwitterionized HA surfaces showed almost no bacterial adhesion after 6 h and the effect was retained for 24 h, resulting in the lowest level of oral bacterial adhesion. These results confirm that surface zwitterionization is a promising method to effectively prevent oral bacterial adhesion on HA-based materials.
AB - In this study, we conducted surface zwitterionization of hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces by immersing them in the zwitterionic polymer solutions to provide anti-bacterial properties to the HA surface. Three different monomers containing various zwitterionic groups, i.e., phosphorylcholine (PC), sulfobetaine (SB), and carboxybetaine (CB), were copolymerized with the methacrylic monomer containing a Ca 2+ -binding moiety, using the free radical polymerization method. As a control, functionalization of the copolymer containing the Ca 2+ -binding moiety was synthesized using a hydroxy group. The stable immobilization of the zwitterionic functional groups was confirmed by water contact angle analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement conducted after the sonication process. The zwitterionized HA surface showed significantly decreased protein adsorption, whereas the hydroxyl group-coated HA surface showed limited efficacy. The anti-bacterial adhesion property was confirmed by conducting Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) adhesion tests for 6 h and 24 h. When furanone C-30, a representative anti-quorum sensing molecule for S. mutans, was used, only a small amount of bacteria adhered after 6 h and the population did not increase after 24 h. In contrast, zwitterionized HA surfaces showed almost no bacterial adhesion after 6 h and the effect was retained for 24 h, resulting in the lowest level of oral bacterial adhesion. These results confirm that surface zwitterionization is a promising method to effectively prevent oral bacterial adhesion on HA-based materials.
KW - Anti-bacterial adhesion
KW - Anti-biofouling
KW - Anti-quorum sensing
KW - Hydroxyapatite
KW - Zwitterion
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85027546593&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.067
DO - 10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.08.067
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85027546593
SN - 0169-4332
VL - 427
SP - 517
EP - 524
JO - Applied Surface Science
JF - Applied Surface Science
ER -