Synthesis of bioadhesive PHEA hydrogels without crosslinkers through in situ polymerization and sustained mechanical mixing

Abstract: This study presents a novel methodology for the fabrication of bioadhesives composed of poly(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) (PHEA), which demonstrate superior mechanical properties. Hydrogels based on PHEA were effectively synthesized through a strategy that obviates the need for crosslinkers, utilizing in situ polymerization of high-concentration 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) monomers under persistent agitation. Optimal operational conditions, such as polymerization duration and HEA monomer concentration, were screened through rheological evaluations. In addition, the introduction of glycerol to the PHEA hydrogels yielded improvements in water-retention capacity, thus resolving limitations frequently observed in conventional aqueous-based hydrogels. Tests assessing adhesive properties indicated that the PHEA hydrogels, synthesized without crosslinkers, exhibited exceptional adhesion capabilities that exceeded those of commercially available tissue sealants. This economically viable and readily scalable fabrication technique provides a compelling pathway for the creation of robust, biocompatible bioadhesives well-suited for biomedical utilization. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.)