Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking

Young Yoon Lee; Sang Uk Park; Chang-Su Kim; Sang Uk Lee

doi:10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2014011

Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking

Young Yoon Lee, Sang Uk Park, Chang-Su Kim, Sang Uk Lee

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

8 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

We propose two temporal feature modulation algorithms that extract a feature from each video frame and modulate the features for a series of frames to embed a watermark codeword. In the first algorithm, the existence of a frame is used as the frame feature, and a watermark codeword is embedded into the original video by skipping selected frames. In the second algorithm, the centers of gravity of blocks in a frame are used as the frame feature. By modifying the centers of gravity, we embed 1-bit information into the frame. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are robust against compression and temporal attacks.

Original language	English
Article number	4797835
Pages (from-to)	603-608
Number of pages	6
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology
Volume	19
Issue number	4
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2014011
Publication status	Published - 2009 Apr

Keywords

Frame skipping
Image fingerprinting
Temporal feature modulation
Video watermarking

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Media Technology
Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2014011

Cite this

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title = "Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking",

abstract = "We propose two temporal feature modulation algorithms that extract a feature from each video frame and modulate the features for a series of frames to embed a watermark codeword. In the first algorithm, the existence of a frame is used as the frame feature, and a watermark codeword is embedded into the original video by skipping selected frames. In the second algorithm, the centers of gravity of blocks in a frame are used as the frame feature. By modifying the centers of gravity, we embed 1-bit information into the frame. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are robust against compression and temporal attacks.",

keywords = "Frame skipping, Image fingerprinting, Temporal feature modulation, Video watermarking",

author = "Lee, {Young Yoon} and Park, {Sang Uk} and Chang-Su Kim and Lee, {Sang Uk}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received March 15, 2007; revised May 11, 2008. First version published March 4, 2009; current version published May 20, 2009. The work of Y.-Y. Lee, S.-U. Park, and S.-U. Lee was supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE), Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the IITA (grant number IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0018). The work of C.-S. Kim was supported by the MKE, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the IITA (grant number IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0017). This paper was recommended by Associate Editor Q. Sun.",

year = "2009",

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doi = "10.1109/TCSVT.2009.2014011",

language = "English",

volume = "19",

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AU - Lee, Young Yoon

AU - Park, Sang Uk

AU - Kim, Chang-Su

AU - Lee, Sang Uk

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received March 15, 2007; revised May 11, 2008. First version published March 4, 2009; current version published May 20, 2009. The work of Y.-Y. Lee, S.-U. Park, and S.-U. Lee was supported by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy (MKE), Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the IITA (grant number IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0018). The work of C.-S. Kim was supported by the MKE, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the IITA (grant number IITA-2008-C1090-0801-0017). This paper was recommended by Associate Editor Q. Sun.

PY - 2009/4

Y1 - 2009/4

N2 - We propose two temporal feature modulation algorithms that extract a feature from each video frame and modulate the features for a series of frames to embed a watermark codeword. In the first algorithm, the existence of a frame is used as the frame feature, and a watermark codeword is embedded into the original video by skipping selected frames. In the second algorithm, the centers of gravity of blocks in a frame are used as the frame feature. By modifying the centers of gravity, we embed 1-bit information into the frame. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are robust against compression and temporal attacks.

AB - We propose two temporal feature modulation algorithms that extract a feature from each video frame and modulate the features for a series of frames to embed a watermark codeword. In the first algorithm, the existence of a frame is used as the frame feature, and a watermark codeword is embedded into the original video by skipping selected frames. In the second algorithm, the centers of gravity of blocks in a frame are used as the frame feature. By modifying the centers of gravity, we embed 1-bit information into the frame. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithms are robust against compression and temporal attacks.

KW - Frame skipping

KW - Image fingerprinting

KW - Temporal feature modulation

KW - Video watermarking

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Temporal feature modulation for video watermarking

Abstract

Keywords

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