The Anti-inflammatory and Immune-Boosting Potential of Quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside in LPS–Stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages

Diospyros kaki L.f., Ebenaceae, have been used since centuries in traditional medicines in many Asian countries as it contains numerous flavonoids. Out of those plenty flavonoids, quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) was found to be one of those active components of the plant. In the present study, we confirmed the non-toxicity behavior of 1 on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells and demonstrated its anti-inflammatory property. Our result indicates that 1 treatment significantly controlled the upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in a dose-dependent manner in the Escherichia coli produced lipopolysaccharide induced infection background. In addition, its treatment significantly reduced the nitric oxide level, and down-regulated the protein expression of TNF-α, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2, and iNOS in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Taken together, our results suggested that 1 efficiently modulates the MAPK signaling pathway and controlled the inflammatory event. Collectively, the result of the study confirmed the potential of 1 as a potent drug candidate and suggested its usage against the inflammatory diseases. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].